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Galliformes and other animals for South America (ïðîäîëæåíèå)
JOrnitho: Hello! I'm back with ideas for some new species for South America. I found in my computer an archive with some ideas for fauna and flora that I had some time ago and decided to show there to ask your opinion about them. The first is about a descendant of the domestic chicken. [more]Copper jacumitan (Jacumita cuprinus) During the Holocene, the man introduced many species in other continents. The jacumitan is a descendant of domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) that are introduced in South America. It replaced the birds in the family Cracidae, which are extinct in the Neocene, in some areas. In a matter of fact, the name jacumitan is the junction of the words jacu, the popular name in Brazil for guans of the Genus Penelope, and the tupi word mitã (mitan) that means new, this way the name means “new guan”. The copper jacumitan is the type species of this genus and lives in the savannas and woodlands of Central South America. The copper jacumitan is sexually dysmorphic. The male measure 190 cm, due to the long tail, it has a bright coppery brown upperbody plumage and reddish-brown feathers below. They also have metallic dark green feathers on the tail and wings. Only males have a bright red naked skin on the face, with two wattles that conceal the sides of its head. This characteristic is shared by all males of the genus Jacumita. The males of the genus also have crests formed by white feathers with black tips. During courtship and panic moments, they rise the crests. The females have 75 cm of length and are cryptic brown and adapted to camouflage, its naked skin on the face is pale pink and don’t have flesh wattles. The young males are similar to the females until they reach 9 weeks, at this time the wattle begin to develop. Both sexes have long orange colored legs and grey beak. The males have spurs that they use in fights for dominance. The neck is long and slim. Copper jacumitans can fly, but prefer to run from the predators flying only as last resort. These birds are omnivorous and feed on insects, seeds, and fruits. Its forage for food by scratching the ground, usually near herbivores this way there is other animals observing for the presence of predators. Often the male sits on a high perch, to serve as a lookout for his group. He sounds an alarm call if predators are nearby. At night it will sleep perched on branches. Copper jacumitans are polygamous; the male will have a harem with 5 to 12 females and will guards the area where his females are nesting, and attack other males that enter his territory. To initiate courting, the males will dance in a circle around or near a female, raising their crests and lowering the wing which is closest to the hen. Then, he will vocalize and when she responds to his call, the male will mount her and proceed with the mating. The females make their nest in the ground, laying 6 to 14 red eggs which are incubated for 22 days. Chicks are precocious, leaving the nest shortly they are born. They fledge in about 4 to 5 weeks, and at 13 weeks old are chased out of the group by their mother, at which point the young males start to form a harem and the females join an existing one. Sexual maturity is reached at 6 months and the lifespan of this species is of 13 years, however is common for males to die early due to predation. Other species in the genus Jacumita are: Golden jacumitan (Jacumita aurea) Living in the forests of the Atlantic coast of South America, the males of this species has 200 cm of length, from beak to tail, while the females have 83 cm. The plumage of the male have a bright golden-yellow plumage in the upperparts, being scarlet in the chest and belly. They have dark metallic green wing feathers and tail while the female is cryptic brown. Red jacumitan (Jacumita amazonica) Living in the "terra firme" forests of the Amazon , the males of this species has 185 cm of length, from beak to tail, while females have 70 cm. The plumage of male is bright orange-red in the upperparts, while their chest and belly is yellow. The males also have dark metallic blue wing feathers and tail while the female is cryptic brown. Andean jacumitan (Jacumita andina) Living in the highland forests in the slopes of the Andes, the males of this species has 170 cm of length, from beak to tail, while females have 68 cm. The plumage of the males is white in the upperparts and yellowish-red in the belly and chest. The males also have dark metallic blue wing feathers and tail while the female is cryptic brown. This other one is about a descendant of the californian quail: Common austral grouse (Tetraoinus australis) During the Holocene, the man introduced many exotic species different habitats, the ancestor of the austral grouse was one of these species. Their ancestor was not a true grouse, but the Californian quail, due to evolutionary convergence they acquired characteristics similar to the true grouses of North America. Living in the forests of Southern South America, the male austral grouse are 55 cm long and the female have 44 cm of length. The male have a dark grey body plumage, black-and-white bridled head pattern, black back and a greyish-blue belly. They have a curving crest or plume, made of six feathers that droops forward (long and black in males /short and brown in females) and long forked blackish tail with white undertail coverts. Females and immature birds are mainly greyish-brown with a light-brown belly. Both sexes have a black bill and relatively long grey legs. Their diet consists mainly of seeds and leaves, but they also eat some berries and insects. In some regions their main source of food are the seeds of trees of the Genus Araucaria. These birds are not elegant fliers, however they sleep perched in branches. Given a choice, they will normally escape on foot. During the courtship, the male austral grouse do displays on a lek, each male have a “personal space”. The males strut around their chose space, doing a display. The display consists of the male posturing himself with the head near the ground. Then, they start to move it from right to left showing their crests, simultaneously they raising the tail feathers, showing their withe undertail coverts. After that, they will raise their heads abruptly and whilst make a highly distinctive mating call. When another male invade the personal space of other, a fight happens, in this case the male will try to take of the crest of the rival, this way they will not be capable to display for the females. The female usually lays approximately 12 spotted eggs. The nest is a shallow scrape lined with vegetation on the ground. Incubation lasts from 21–25 days, usually performed by the female and rarely by the male. The chicks are precocial, leaving the nest with their parents within hours of hatching. The male stay with the female until the young leave, with 3 months. The young reach sexual maturity with 1 year, with this age the young males acquire the coloration of an adult male. Their lifespan is of 27 years. In the forests of Tierra del Fuego another species lives, the Black boreal grouse (Tetraoinus nigrus). Their main difference to the other species is that the males have an all-black plumage, with only a faint shade of blue in the chest and brown undertail coverts. The females are similar to that of the common austral grouse. The males have 52 cm and the females 41 cm.[/more] I also have in this archive some names for possible species that I never developed bayond some few facts. Maybe someone could help me make their descriptions.
wovoka: JOrnitho ïèøåò: They could be more colorful or have some sweet smell coming from them, perhaps even exudates a sweet substance to attract animals. May be you don't understand my question ... There is no one plant in order Nymphaeales that produce "juicy fruits". So my question: what part of the flower of waterlily will become a "fruit" and how it evolves into a "fruit"? Or you mean that the capsule of waterlily will become a "juicy edible fruit"? Cyculi will eat it, fruit will digest in the stomach, but the water lily seeds also will have some kind of tasty shell that is also digested in the stomach of the sungrebe, and the internal contents of the seed will be indigestible, but these internal contents of the seed themselves will ripen under the influence of enzymes in Cyculi stomach, and with the droppings the bird will settle the waterlily along the entire water coast of the Catatumbo River. JOrnitho ïèøåò: What do you think of a small species of semi-aquatic rodent visiting the water lilies during the night in search of seeds and fruits? Depending of its size, they could also be able to crack the armor of the Knight beetles. It can be be: Sigmodontomys alfari or which is less likely Zygodontomys brevicauda taporoporo wèpomy korònaka (in carib language it's mean "little mouse swimming underwater") You can mix that words as you wish" or just "little mouse" or "swimming little mouse" or "underwater little mouse" Just name it in english and I'll tranlate it in carib. But better it will be bat (one of these): Micronycteris megalotis Dermanura phaeotis Lonchophylla robusta Rhinophylla pumilio The name will be Rere or Parerejài (bat in carib) Choose the name by yourself! I ranked them in order of priority. ëÿãóøêà ïèøåò: but it's still active! Yes, we are going to make two related chapters about Maracaibo gulf & Catatumbo delta!
JOrnitho: wovoka ïèøåò: Or you mean that the capsule of waterlily will become a "juicy edible fruit"? I mean, the capsule could become edible and more attractive to animals. It could produce a sweet fragrance, which would come to feed of the bright colored seeds. wovoka ïèøåò: Sigmodontomys alfari I think that it could be the ancestor. Can you translate "little water mouse"? I think that it could be a good name for this species. They could make nests hidden in the aquatic vegetation. wovoka ïèøåò: But better it will be bat Maybe we can have a bat and a rodent? It could be the Dermanura phaeotis and the bats could drink nectar of the water lilies, hunt some insects and occasionally eat the seeds.
wovoka: JOrnitho ïèøåò: I mean, the capsule could become edible and more attractive to animals. It could produce a sweet fragrance, which would come to feed of the bright seeds. I propose the capsule became a sweet fragrant juicy edible fruit. JOrnitho ïèøåò: Sigmodontomys alfari. I think that it could be the ancestor. Ok, I agree. I propose three variants of name: Tuna taporoporo (water little mouse) Wèpomy taporoporo (swimming little mouse) Korònaka taporoporo (undewater little mouse), if he could dive and swim underwater, then I preffer this name. This name is some kind of courageous))) JOrnitho ïèøåò: Maybe we can have a bat and a rodent? It could be the Dermanura phaeotis and the bats could drink nectar of the water lilies, hunt some insects and occasionally eat the seeds. Ok, we can take both. JOrnitho ïèøåò: It could be the Dermanura phaeotis and the bats could drink nectar of the water lilies, hunt some insects and occasionally eat the seeds. I approve of your choice! And what name we will give to this bat: Rere or Parerejài? Both names are interesting, but first, as for me, is shorter. Then let it be also an owl, that will hunt on water and other animals: water rodent, frog, crab, bat, Ai-Karala and even fishes. The ancestor Glaucidium brasilianum. It will be like fishing owls of the genera Ketupa or Scotopelia. The name Tukutuku - owl in carib.
JOrnitho: wovoka ïèøåò: I propose the capsule became a sweet fragrant juicy edible fruit. Good idea! What do you think if there is relationship between the bat and the mouse when feeding of this fruit? The skin of the fruit could be a bit thick, taking so much effort of the bats to open it. The rodent would come first, openning the skin. Then the bats would consume the rest that was left open. In this case the consumption of these fruits would be more opportunistic. wovoka ïèøåò: Korònaka taporoporo (undewater little mouse), if he could dive and swim underwater, then I preffer this name. This name is some kind of courageous))) I like it too. Maybe it could occasionally dive to reach the eggs that fishes lay under the water lilies. wovoka ïèøåò: And what name we will give to this bat: Rere or Parerejài? I like Parerejài. wovoka ïèøåò: Then let it be also an owl, that will hunt on water and other animals: water rodent, frog, crab, bat, Ai-Karala and even fishes. The ancestor Glaucidium brasilianum. It will be like fishing owls of the genera Ketupa or Scotopelia. The name Tukutuku - owl in carib. I proposed the genus Piscatostrix fishing owl for South America sometime ago, but the ancestor is the Lophostrix cristata. It's the Nhakurutukutu (owl in Tupi-Guarani). What do you think if the Tukutuku is a member of this genus, but endemic to the Maracaibo?
wovoka: JOrnitho ïèøåò: Good idea! What do you think if there is relationship between the bat and the mouse when feeding of this fruit? The skin of the fruit could be a bit thick, taking so much effort of the bats to open it. The rodent would come first, openning the skin. Then the bats would consume the rest that was left open. In this case the consumption of these fruits would be more opportunistic. I agree, but Cyculi could eat and digest the whole fruit. JOrnitho ïèøåò: I like it too. Maybe it could occasionally dive to reach the eggs that fishes lay under the water lilies. Ok! I think it could! JOrnitho ïèøåò: I like Parerejài. I more like the shorter one, but let it be Parerejài - it's more exotic one JOrnitho ïèøåò: I proposed the genus Piscatostrix fishing owl for South America sometime ago, but the ancestor is the Lophostrix cristata. It's the Nhakurutukutu (owl in Tupi-Guarani). What do you think if the Tukutuku is a member of this genus, but endemic to the Maracaibo? Ok! I agree! And how many species include this genus? What the areal of the genus and it's different species?
ìåäâåäü: What do you think if the Tukutuku is a member of this genus, but endemic to the Maracaibo? Owls do not usually have such small distributions.
JOrnitho: wovoka ïèøåò: I agree, but Cyculi could eat and digest the whole fruit. Yes. They could be adapted to swallow the fruit and digest it. wovoka ïèøåò: Ok! I agree! And how many species include this genus? What the areal of the genus and it's different species? The genus only have one species so far, which is distributed across the Amazon Basin. The Tukutuku could inhabit the Maracaibo region and other areas of Northern South America. We could make it similar to what happens with the genus Pulsatrix in Brazil, with one species (P. perspicillata) being widespread, while other (P. koeniswaldiana) is endemic to the Atlantic forest.
wovoka: JOrnitho ïèøåò: The genus only have one species so far, which is distributed across the Amazon Basin. The Tukutuku could inhabit the Maracaibo region and other areas of Northern South America. We could make it similar to what happens with the genus Pulsatrix in Brazil, with one species (P. perspicillata) being widespread, while other (P. koeniswaldiana) is endemic to the Atlantic forest. I've understood. I think the owl should be the last species of the chapter, because there are already too many of them.
JOrnitho: wovoka ïèøåò: I think the owl should be the last species of the chapter, because there are already too many of them. I agree. By the way, what do you think if the mouse's swimming abilities is also used by it to escape from predators?
wovoka: JOrnitho ïèøåò: what do you think if the mouse's swimming abilities is also used by it to escape from predators? It will be something like a "swimming superpower"? No really, what is that special "swimming abilities"? Do you mean the speed of swimming, the ability to quickly change the direction of swimming, the ability to dive very quickly to depth, or vice versa, the ability to swim like a dolphin, jumping out of the water, evading predatory fish or something else? I've end the description of sea turtle for Maracaibo Gulf https://sivatherium.borda.ru/?1-0-1681319764554-00000176-000-10001-0#051 again in Russian. But I gave it another name Kataru - in carib it is the name of sea turtle Chelonia mydas. Or full name Maracaibian bat turtle, or kataru (Pteromedusa kataru)
wovoka: JOrnitho, did you know about such neocene plant: Fly-catching tomato (Neolycopersicon muscicarpus) http://www.sivatherium.narod.ru/enplants.htm#neolycopersicon_muscicarpus_en ??? What do you think, where in Neocene South America this plant can grow? These must be places with very poor soils. The description says: Habitat: South America, light forests in tropical and subtropical areas. May be in far future, when we realize all our plans of chapters, we could make a chapter dedicated to the dense thicket of this plant, its victims, parasites, kleptoparasites and pollinators: Lateral sprouts and top rise vertically, and the plant forms the dense thicket. ... The plant consumes tiny soft-bodied insects – plant lice, thripses, small caterpillars and maggots ... This plant is pollinated by insects ... Some species of bugs and beetles are adapted to “robbing” of this plant: they seize stuck insects from its leaves. ... Fruit of this plant is small red berry. In ripen condition the fruit of plant is edible, and it is eaten willingly by large ground rodents.
JOrnitho: wovoka ïèøåò: Do you mean the speed of swimming, the ability to quickly change the direction of swimming, the ability to dive very quickly to depth, or vice versa, the ability to swim like a dolphin, jumping out of the water, evading predatory fish or something else? It's more the fact that they can jump from the vegetation to the water and swim faster than their ancestors. Perhaps they can stay under water for a long time, reaching the surface only when its safe. wovoka ïèøåò: I've end the description of sea turtle for Maracaibo Gulf https://sivatherium.borda.ru/?1-0-1681319764554-00000176-000-10001-0#051 again in Russian. It's a cool animal (I used the translator)! I finished the description of the ariid catfish, but I'll post it together with the description of other three fishes. wovoka ïèøåò: What do you think, where in Neocene South America this plant can grow? These must be places with very poor soils. I think that the Andes could be a good place. The tepuis of Amazon and the "campos de altitude" of the mountains of Southeastern South America are also good candidates. These "campos" are biomes that remained from the last glaciation and are full of endemic species. Both tepuis and campos are interesting place for chapters!
wovoka: JOrnitho ïèøåò: It's more the fact that they can jump from the vegetation to the water and swim faster than their ancestors. Perhaps they can stay under water for a long time, reaching the surface only when its safe. Accepted! JOrnitho ïèøåò: It's a cool animal Thank you! JOrnitho ïèøåò: I finished the description of the ariid catfish, but I'll post it together with the description of other three fishes. I'll be waiting for your descriptions! JOrnitho ïèøåò: I think that the Andes could be a good place. The tepuis of Amazon and the "campos de altitude" of the mountains of Southeastern South America are also good candidates. These "campos" are biomes that remained from the last glaciation and are full of endemic species. Both tepuis and campos are interesting place for chapters! Do tepuis or campos have areas of dry sparse light forests? May be I'll somewhen make bestiary for the future chapter about this Fly-catching tomato. You probably already understood, I adore making bestiaries. I think this tomato could enter into symbiosis with some kind of Carnivorous fungus.
JOrnitho: wovoka ïèøåò: Do tepuis or campos have areas of dry sparse light forests? The slopes of the Tepuis are dry, but the campos usually have lower temperatures than the forests in the lower lands that surround it. wovoka ïèøåò: I think this tomato could enter into symbiosis with some kind of Carnivorous fungus. Interesting. Would this fungus also catch nematodes?
wovoka: JOrnitho ïèøåò: The slopes of the Tepuis are dry, but the Campos usually have lower temperatures than the forests in the lower lands that surround it. As far as I understand there are a lot of carnivorous species of plants on Tepuis, but how tomato will get there? And then the description says Habitat: South America, light forests in tropical and subtropical areas. Are there in South America any forests with very poor soils? JOrnitho ïèøåò: Interesting. Would this fungus also catch nematodes? I hope something more big, like mole crickets.
ëÿãóøêà: wovoka As far as I understand there are a lot of carnivorous species of plants on Tepuis, but how tomato will get there? No. Fly-catcher tomato grows in light forest, so I think that strange habitat of tepuis won't be good for it. But we can place other carnivore plants on tepuis, like already evolved Drosera and Sarracenia species or predatory bromeliads.
wovoka: ëÿãóøêà ïèøåò: Fly-catcher tomato grows in light forest Yes, that's why, if we want to make a chapter about this plant, we need to find the light forests in South America with poor soils.
JOrnitho: wovoka ïèøåò: Yes, that's why, if we want to make a chapter about this plant, we need to find the light forests in South America with poor soils. Maybe savannahs and gallery forests. The Caatinga of Brazil is also mostly dry shrubland.
ìåäâåäü: predatory bromeliads That seems interesting!
ëÿãóøêà: ìåäâåäü That seems interesting! We already have protocarnivorous ones: Brocchinia reducta and Catopsis berteroniana. It can evolve in something new in Neocene.
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