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Galliformes and other animals for South America (ïðîäîëæåíèå)
JOrnitho: Hello! I'm back with ideas for some new species for South America. I found in my computer an archive with some ideas for fauna and flora that I had some time ago and decided to show there to ask your opinion about them. The first is about a descendant of the domestic chicken. [more]Copper jacumitan (Jacumita cuprinus) During the Holocene, the man introduced many species in other continents. The jacumitan is a descendant of domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) that are introduced in South America. It replaced the birds in the family Cracidae, which are extinct in the Neocene, in some areas. In a matter of fact, the name jacumitan is the junction of the words jacu, the popular name in Brazil for guans of the Genus Penelope, and the tupi word mitã (mitan) that means new, this way the name means “new guan”. The copper jacumitan is the type species of this genus and lives in the savannas and woodlands of Central South America. The copper jacumitan is sexually dysmorphic. The male measure 190 cm, due to the long tail, it has a bright coppery brown upperbody plumage and reddish-brown feathers below. They also have metallic dark green feathers on the tail and wings. Only males have a bright red naked skin on the face, with two wattles that conceal the sides of its head. This characteristic is shared by all males of the genus Jacumita. The males of the genus also have crests formed by white feathers with black tips. During courtship and panic moments, they rise the crests. The females have 75 cm of length and are cryptic brown and adapted to camouflage, its naked skin on the face is pale pink and don’t have flesh wattles. The young males are similar to the females until they reach 9 weeks, at this time the wattle begin to develop. Both sexes have long orange colored legs and grey beak. The males have spurs that they use in fights for dominance. The neck is long and slim. Copper jacumitans can fly, but prefer to run from the predators flying only as last resort. These birds are omnivorous and feed on insects, seeds, and fruits. Its forage for food by scratching the ground, usually near herbivores this way there is other animals observing for the presence of predators. Often the male sits on a high perch, to serve as a lookout for his group. He sounds an alarm call if predators are nearby. At night it will sleep perched on branches. Copper jacumitans are polygamous; the male will have a harem with 5 to 12 females and will guards the area where his females are nesting, and attack other males that enter his territory. To initiate courting, the males will dance in a circle around or near a female, raising their crests and lowering the wing which is closest to the hen. Then, he will vocalize and when she responds to his call, the male will mount her and proceed with the mating. The females make their nest in the ground, laying 6 to 14 red eggs which are incubated for 22 days. Chicks are precocious, leaving the nest shortly they are born. They fledge in about 4 to 5 weeks, and at 13 weeks old are chased out of the group by their mother, at which point the young males start to form a harem and the females join an existing one. Sexual maturity is reached at 6 months and the lifespan of this species is of 13 years, however is common for males to die early due to predation. Other species in the genus Jacumita are: Golden jacumitan (Jacumita aurea) Living in the forests of the Atlantic coast of South America, the males of this species has 200 cm of length, from beak to tail, while the females have 83 cm. The plumage of the male have a bright golden-yellow plumage in the upperparts, being scarlet in the chest and belly. They have dark metallic green wing feathers and tail while the female is cryptic brown. Red jacumitan (Jacumita amazonica) Living in the "terra firme" forests of the Amazon , the males of this species has 185 cm of length, from beak to tail, while females have 70 cm. The plumage of male is bright orange-red in the upperparts, while their chest and belly is yellow. The males also have dark metallic blue wing feathers and tail while the female is cryptic brown. Andean jacumitan (Jacumita andina) Living in the highland forests in the slopes of the Andes, the males of this species has 170 cm of length, from beak to tail, while females have 68 cm. The plumage of the males is white in the upperparts and yellowish-red in the belly and chest. The males also have dark metallic blue wing feathers and tail while the female is cryptic brown. This other one is about a descendant of the californian quail: Common austral grouse (Tetraoinus australis) During the Holocene, the man introduced many exotic species different habitats, the ancestor of the austral grouse was one of these species. Their ancestor was not a true grouse, but the Californian quail, due to evolutionary convergence they acquired characteristics similar to the true grouses of North America. Living in the forests of Southern South America, the male austral grouse are 55 cm long and the female have 44 cm of length. The male have a dark grey body plumage, black-and-white bridled head pattern, black back and a greyish-blue belly. They have a curving crest or plume, made of six feathers that droops forward (long and black in males /short and brown in females) and long forked blackish tail with white undertail coverts. Females and immature birds are mainly greyish-brown with a light-brown belly. Both sexes have a black bill and relatively long grey legs. Their diet consists mainly of seeds and leaves, but they also eat some berries and insects. In some regions their main source of food are the seeds of trees of the Genus Araucaria. These birds are not elegant fliers, however they sleep perched in branches. Given a choice, they will normally escape on foot. During the courtship, the male austral grouse do displays on a lek, each male have a “personal space”. The males strut around their chose space, doing a display. The display consists of the male posturing himself with the head near the ground. Then, they start to move it from right to left showing their crests, simultaneously they raising the tail feathers, showing their withe undertail coverts. After that, they will raise their heads abruptly and whilst make a highly distinctive mating call. When another male invade the personal space of other, a fight happens, in this case the male will try to take of the crest of the rival, this way they will not be capable to display for the females. The female usually lays approximately 12 spotted eggs. The nest is a shallow scrape lined with vegetation on the ground. Incubation lasts from 21–25 days, usually performed by the female and rarely by the male. The chicks are precocial, leaving the nest with their parents within hours of hatching. The male stay with the female until the young leave, with 3 months. The young reach sexual maturity with 1 year, with this age the young males acquire the coloration of an adult male. Their lifespan is of 27 years. In the forests of Tierra del Fuego another species lives, the Black boreal grouse (Tetraoinus nigrus). Their main difference to the other species is that the males have an all-black plumage, with only a faint shade of blue in the chest and brown undertail coverts. The females are similar to that of the common austral grouse. The males have 52 cm and the females 41 cm.[/more] I also have in this archive some names for possible species that I never developed bayond some few facts. Maybe someone could help me make their descriptions.
JOrnitho: wovoka ïèøåò: JOrnitho what do you think about such idea. In Madagascar lives Eulemur mongoz - mongoose lemur. If me make on the contrary: lemur mongoose, I mean mongoose looking like lemur, with lemur way if life and diet. May be make him absolutely herbivorous, eating fruits, berries, leaves, edible roots, may be nuts and mushrooms. It's an interesting idea, but I think that this mongoose could be more like a squirrel, with a fluffy tail that helps it maintain balance while moving through trees. It could also be capable of jumping between branches. wovoka ïèøåò: But where we could settle this lemur mongoose in South America? I think that Amazon could be a good place for it. One relatard species could be present in the Atlantic rainforest too.
wovoka: JOrnitho ïèøåò: Eulemur mongoz So our mongoose will look the same? It is have fluffy tail and capable jumping between branches. His length is 31 to 45 cm, tail length is 45 to 65 cm. But we can make him some other squirrel features.
JOrnitho: wovoka ïèøåò: So our mongoose will look the same? It is have fluffy tail and capable jumping between branches. His length is 31 to 45 cm, tail length is 45 to 65 cm. But we can make him some other squirrel features. Yes, but I thought that it could have feet more similar to that of squirrel or rodent, rather than a primate.
wovoka: But the first idea was exactly to make lemur mongoose, not a squirrel mongoose. Squirrel honey-eating mongoose we can make for Atlantic forest or some other South American forest.
JOrnitho: wovoka ïèøåò: But the first idea was exactly to make lemur mongoose, not a squirrel mongoose. Squirrel honey-eating mongoose we can make for Atlantic forest or some other South American forest. I see. Then it can have a more primate-like appearance.
wovoka: JOrnitho ïèøåò: I see. Then it can have a more primate-like appearance. I've alredy decided to add lemur mongoose to the chapter about black jaguape and your Ipochereu will hunt him.
JOrnitho: wovoka ïèøåò: I've alredy decided to add lemur mongoose to the chapter about black jaguape and your Ipochereu will hunt him. Ok! Are we still going to have the squirrel-mongoose as a close related species in the Atlantic forest?
wovoka: Yes of course!
wovoka: Yes of course! Kuatirana-aguare ( kuatirana - squirell in guarani, aguare - racoon in tupi).
wovoka: But I think we have already enough species to make chapter about marvelous forest 1. Atlantic cherry and 2. lowland jamelan 3. Grey-headed marmoset 4. Common sugar opossum 5. Blue-fronted macaw 6. Great Suindara 7. Great inamu 8. Tamoio cat 9. Great false woodpecker 10. Eyra 11. Panapanas 12. Southern night tapaculo 13. Gold-fronted erythrophonia 14. Rufous-bellied choca, or Rufous-bellied antshrike 15. Crested singing falcon 17. Mborevi 18. Akutituicha 19. Pukutirai gaba Species that need a description 20. Tatumirim 21. Tiriba 22. Urare - may be it will be like hybrid of porcupine & Ailurus fulgens and with diet of panda. 23. Karumboi 24. A. Sanguya-aguara; B. Urare-aguara 25. Kuatirana-aguara 26. Tärähënötú - (bee in tapiete) descendent of Megalopta amoena (will be social night bee). But I'm not really sure if it will survive to neocene. 27. Patina - brazil nightblooming Dragonfruit (Hylocereus undatus or just Nightblooming cactus) (patina - it is in tapiete name of cactus that in english called Pricklypear). It is already too much. From genus Megalopta I think only two species can survive to neocene: Megalopta genalis (but in Central America and Columbia may be then it will spread on all Amazonia) & Megalopta mura (but in Amazonia may be then it will spread to the south regions).
JOrnitho: wovoka ïèøåò: It is already too much. Maybe we could remove some of these species. I think that we can remove the 13 and 14,.
wovoka: I like these birds, may be will remove 26 & 27. Or let's make two chapters about Marvelous forest. For example: one part about diurnal life of the forest and the second about nocturnal life. Only it is necessary to divide the animals into those who will enter to the diurnal and nocturnal parts of the chapter. And about the idea of adoption of the femail of jaguarete that lost her own cub the cub of Eira, may be she find him when he lost his mother and began to take care of him and feed him with milk for 2 months, but then expelled him, after which the female of Eira, who had her own kittens, found him and began to raise him as her own cub. Will this variant work? I still think it would be an interesting storyline of the chapter.
JOrnitho: wovoka ïèøåò: Or let's make two chapters about Marvelous forest. For example: one part about diurnal life of the forest and the second about nocturnal life. Only it is necessary to divide the animals into those who will enter to the diurnal and nocturnal parts of the chapter. I like this idea. I think that opossums, inamus, tapaculos and owl would appear in the night chapter. wovoka ïèøåò: And about the idea of adoption of the femail of jaguarete that lost her own cub the cub of Eira, may be she find him when he lost his mother and began to take care of him and feed him with milk for 2 months, but then expelled him, after which the female of Eira, who had her own kittens, found him and began to raise him as her own cub. Will this variant work? I still think it would be an interesting storyline of the chapter. I think that we could use your original idea.
wovoka: JOrnitho ïèøåò: I think that opossums, inamus, tapaculos and owl would appear in the night chapter. Also night bees and night blooming cactus. And tatumirim: we've made him just for saber-tooth opossum hunting on him. And as far as I remember your Tamoio cat is also nocturnal. And we can make some new 2 or 3 nocturnal species. The diurnal species is already enough. JOrnitho ïèøåò: I think that we could use your original idea. Thank you!
JOrnitho: wovoka ïèøåò: And we can make some new 2 or 3 nocturnal species. One of them could be a rodent. What type of interesting creature we can make with the Oligoryzomys nigripes?
JOrnitho: wovoka Another animal that could appear in the night chapter is a bat. We could have one that feeds of parasites in the fur of large herbivores.
wovoka: JOrnitho ïèøåò: Another animal that could appear in the night chapter is a bat. We could have one that feeds of parasites in the fur of large herbivores. Good idea! But do we have nocturnal large herbivores? JOrnitho ïèøåò: What type of interesting creature we can make with the Oligoryzomys nigripes? Something like that by the color and form of body. It's diet will be insects, seeds, nuts and berries. It's Xianshou songae. JOrnitho ïèøåò: One of them could be a rodent. I want to "reanimate" such animals from some rodents (I mean only body shape and color of the animal). Like omnivourus Docodon and Adalatherium hui (he was herbivorous, but we can make it omnivorous or carnivorous ) Both can be nocturnal. There will not be bigger than badger. And from some opossum we can make something like nocturnal hybrid of Petauroides volans (by shape of body especially with a short pretty muzzle and large furry ears, very long fluffy tail but without flying membranes) and Spilocuscus maculatus (by the color with the same huge ginger spots on white fur). And it will be interesting that 50% of its diet was sweet resin or sweet gum from some tree, 25 % leaves, and 25 % insects living on tree (first of all ants) (so it will have long sticky tongue). There are trees in the Atlantic forest with sweet resin or sweet gum? May be eucalyptus?
JOrnitho: wovoka ïèøåò: Good idea! But do we have nocturnal large herbivores? I thought that it could feed on mborevis and barocavias, cleaning them while they rest. The barocavia is also a nocturnal feeder, I think. wovoka ïèøåò: Something like that by the color and form of body. It's diet will be insects, seeds, nuts and berries. It's Xianshou songae. I like it! This one could fill theniche of squirrels during the night. wovoka ïèøåò: I want to "reanimate" such animals from some rodents (I mean only body shape and color of the animal). Like omnivourus Docodon Ñêðûòûé òåêñò and Adalatherium hui (he was herbivorous, but we can make it omnivorous or carnivorous ) Ñêðûòûé òåêñò Both can be nocturnal. There will not be bigger than badger. The first could be a descendant of Holochilus or Nectomys tat became more terrestrial. The second I think that would be better as a descendant of a mustelid like the Galictis that became an analogue to the badgers. wovoka ïèøåò: There are trees in the Atlantic forest with sweet resin or sweet gum? May be eucalyptus? Eucalyptus arevery common invasive species here in Brazil. I think that some could very well survive into the Neocene. The presence of descendants of these plants would cause some species to adapt to them. Local plants would need to develop adaptations to coexist with it and some animals could evove to feed on it, maybe a monkey that eats its leaves? Another thing is that eucalyptus easily catch fire, would it becomes more common in the lowland Atlantic forests? Would other plants adapt to survive these wildfires?
wovoka: JOrnitho ïèøåò: The barocavia is also a nocturnal feeder, I think. I'm not sure. JOrnitho ïèøåò: I thought that it could feed on mborevis and barocavias, cleaning them while they rest. It could be! But if we make really big nocturnal herbivorous animal? Only who will be the ancestor? Cavia fulgida or Cavia aperea. To make something like Coryphodon the same as on the picture. JOrnitho ïèøåò: This one could fill the niche of squirrels during the night. Yes it can. We can call it Pseudoxianshou. JOrnitho ïèøåò: The first could be a descendant of Holochilus or Nectomys tat became more terrestrial. Better Nectomys squamipes, it will tear up the ground in search of rodents hiding in holes, soil invertebrates and edible roots, tubers and bulbs of plants. he will have excellent sense of smell and hearing, but not very good eyesight. Will be big as badger. The name Pseudodocodon. JOrnitho ïèøåò: The second I think that would be better as a descendant of a mustelid like the Galictis that became an analogue to the badgers. It is not interesting to make Mustelidae from Mustelidae, I really want to make it from rodent, may be Oligoryzomys nigripes or Akodon cursor. Pseudoadalatherium JOrnitho ïèøåò: Would other plants adapt to survive these wildfires? I don't think so. Then it can be acacia, that is invasive in Atlantic forest. For example https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacia_auriculiformis with edible gum, leaves, flowers, seeds. or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacia_mearnsii with edible gum, edible endo-mycorrhizal fungi, edible fleshy & oil rich elaiosome of seeds, flowers provide very nitrogen rich pollen with no nectar, the protein-rich nectar in the leaf axials. The cracks and crevices in the wattle's bark are home for many insects and invertebrates. In Tasmania and South Australia from which this tree introduced the tree is home to scarab beetles & various grubs, such as wood moths.The rare Tasmanian hairstreak butterfly lays her eggs in these cracks, which hatch to produce caterpillar larva attended by ants (Iridomyrmex sp.) that feed off the sweet exudates from the larva. A. mearnsii is used similarly as a larval host plant and food source by the imperial hairstreak, Jalmenus evagoras. I think second variant is better to settle on it that animal that I wanted made "from some opossum something like nocturnal hybrid of Petauroides volans (by shape of body especially with a short pretty muzzle and large furry ears, very long fluffy tail but without flying membranes) and Spilocuscus maculatus (by the color with the same huge ginger spots on white fur)". It will eat acacia's gum, leaves, nitrogen rich pollen from flowers, seeds, fungi, insects hiding under bark: ants, larvas of beetles and canterpillars of wood moths and butterflies (especially if this canterpillars have sweet exudates which will eat ants). it will have long sticky tongue to eat insects and sharp claws to peel off the bark. So he will help to pollinate the tree, spread tree seeds and spores of endomycorrhizal fungi, protect the tree from pests. And also will be interesting to "reanimate" necrolestes May be from Tuco-tuco
JOrnitho: wovoka ïèøåò: It could be! But if we make really big nocturnal herbivorous animal? Only who will be the ancestor? Cavia fulgida or Cavia aperea. To make something like Coryphodon the same as on the picture. Any of the two could be a good choice, but I would like if it was the Cavia fulgida. This species could be endemic to the Atlantic Forest. wovoka ïèøåò: Better Nectomys squamipes, it will tear up the ground in search of rodents hiding in holes, soil invertebrates and edible roots, tubers and bulbs of plants. he will have excellent sense of smell and hearing, but not very good eyesight. Will be big as badger. The name Pseudodocodon. I agree! wovoka ïèøåò: It is not interesting to make Mustelidae from Mustelidae, I really want to make it from rodent, may be Oligoryzomys nigripes or Akodon cursor. Pseudoadalatherium I think that we could have the ancestor being the Akodon cursor. wovoka ïèøåò: For example https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacia_auriculiformis with edible gum, leaves, flowers, seeds. or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacia_mearnsii with edible gum, edible endo-mycorrhizal fungi, edible fleshy & oil rich elaiosome of seeds, flowers provide very nitrogen rich pollen with no nectar, the protein-rich nectar in the leaf axials. The cracks and crevices in the wattle's bark are home for many insects and invertebrates. In Tasmania and South Australia from which this tree introduced the tree is home to scarab beetles & various grubs, such as wood moths.The rare Tasmanian hairstreak butterfly lays her eggs in these cracks, which hatch to produce caterpillar larva attended by ants (Iridomyrmex sp.) that feed off the sweet exudates from the larva. A. mearnsii is used similarly as a larval host plant and food source by the imperial hairstreak, Jalmenus evagoras. In this case, I think that we can use the Acacia and even make some species of insects associated to it. wovoka ïèøåò: And also will be interesting to "reanimate" necrolestes Ñêðûòûé òåêñò May be from Tuco-tuco Interesting, this Tuco-tuco could have a flat skull to help excavate the ground.
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