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Galliformes and other animals for South America (ïðîäîëæåíèå)
JOrnitho: Hello! I'm back with ideas for some new species for South America. I found in my computer an archive with some ideas for fauna and flora that I had some time ago and decided to show there to ask your opinion about them. The first is about a descendant of the domestic chicken. [more]Copper jacumitan (Jacumita cuprinus) During the Holocene, the man introduced many species in other continents. The jacumitan is a descendant of domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) that are introduced in South America. It replaced the birds in the family Cracidae, which are extinct in the Neocene, in some areas. In a matter of fact, the name jacumitan is the junction of the words jacu, the popular name in Brazil for guans of the Genus Penelope, and the tupi word mitã (mitan) that means new, this way the name means “new guan”. The copper jacumitan is the type species of this genus and lives in the savannas and woodlands of Central South America. The copper jacumitan is sexually dysmorphic. The male measure 190 cm, due to the long tail, it has a bright coppery brown upperbody plumage and reddish-brown feathers below. They also have metallic dark green feathers on the tail and wings. Only males have a bright red naked skin on the face, with two wattles that conceal the sides of its head. This characteristic is shared by all males of the genus Jacumita. The males of the genus also have crests formed by white feathers with black tips. During courtship and panic moments, they rise the crests. The females have 75 cm of length and are cryptic brown and adapted to camouflage, its naked skin on the face is pale pink and don’t have flesh wattles. The young males are similar to the females until they reach 9 weeks, at this time the wattle begin to develop. Both sexes have long orange colored legs and grey beak. The males have spurs that they use in fights for dominance. The neck is long and slim. Copper jacumitans can fly, but prefer to run from the predators flying only as last resort. These birds are omnivorous and feed on insects, seeds, and fruits. Its forage for food by scratching the ground, usually near herbivores this way there is other animals observing for the presence of predators. Often the male sits on a high perch, to serve as a lookout for his group. He sounds an alarm call if predators are nearby. At night it will sleep perched on branches. Copper jacumitans are polygamous; the male will have a harem with 5 to 12 females and will guards the area where his females are nesting, and attack other males that enter his territory. To initiate courting, the males will dance in a circle around or near a female, raising their crests and lowering the wing which is closest to the hen. Then, he will vocalize and when she responds to his call, the male will mount her and proceed with the mating. The females make their nest in the ground, laying 6 to 14 red eggs which are incubated for 22 days. Chicks are precocious, leaving the nest shortly they are born. They fledge in about 4 to 5 weeks, and at 13 weeks old are chased out of the group by their mother, at which point the young males start to form a harem and the females join an existing one. Sexual maturity is reached at 6 months and the lifespan of this species is of 13 years, however is common for males to die early due to predation. Other species in the genus Jacumita are: Golden jacumitan (Jacumita aurea) Living in the forests of the Atlantic coast of South America, the males of this species has 200 cm of length, from beak to tail, while the females have 83 cm. The plumage of the male have a bright golden-yellow plumage in the upperparts, being scarlet in the chest and belly. They have dark metallic green wing feathers and tail while the female is cryptic brown. Red jacumitan (Jacumita amazonica) Living in the "terra firme" forests of the Amazon , the males of this species has 185 cm of length, from beak to tail, while females have 70 cm. The plumage of male is bright orange-red in the upperparts, while their chest and belly is yellow. The males also have dark metallic blue wing feathers and tail while the female is cryptic brown. Andean jacumitan (Jacumita andina) Living in the highland forests in the slopes of the Andes, the males of this species has 170 cm of length, from beak to tail, while females have 68 cm. The plumage of the males is white in the upperparts and yellowish-red in the belly and chest. The males also have dark metallic blue wing feathers and tail while the female is cryptic brown. This other one is about a descendant of the californian quail: Common austral grouse (Tetraoinus australis) During the Holocene, the man introduced many exotic species different habitats, the ancestor of the austral grouse was one of these species. Their ancestor was not a true grouse, but the Californian quail, due to evolutionary convergence they acquired characteristics similar to the true grouses of North America. Living in the forests of Southern South America, the male austral grouse are 55 cm long and the female have 44 cm of length. The male have a dark grey body plumage, black-and-white bridled head pattern, black back and a greyish-blue belly. They have a curving crest or plume, made of six feathers that droops forward (long and black in males /short and brown in females) and long forked blackish tail with white undertail coverts. Females and immature birds are mainly greyish-brown with a light-brown belly. Both sexes have a black bill and relatively long grey legs. Their diet consists mainly of seeds and leaves, but they also eat some berries and insects. In some regions their main source of food are the seeds of trees of the Genus Araucaria. These birds are not elegant fliers, however they sleep perched in branches. Given a choice, they will normally escape on foot. During the courtship, the male austral grouse do displays on a lek, each male have a “personal space”. The males strut around their chose space, doing a display. The display consists of the male posturing himself with the head near the ground. Then, they start to move it from right to left showing their crests, simultaneously they raising the tail feathers, showing their withe undertail coverts. After that, they will raise their heads abruptly and whilst make a highly distinctive mating call. When another male invade the personal space of other, a fight happens, in this case the male will try to take of the crest of the rival, this way they will not be capable to display for the females. The female usually lays approximately 12 spotted eggs. The nest is a shallow scrape lined with vegetation on the ground. Incubation lasts from 21–25 days, usually performed by the female and rarely by the male. The chicks are precocial, leaving the nest with their parents within hours of hatching. The male stay with the female until the young leave, with 3 months. The young reach sexual maturity with 1 year, with this age the young males acquire the coloration of an adult male. Their lifespan is of 27 years. In the forests of Tierra del Fuego another species lives, the Black boreal grouse (Tetraoinus nigrus). Their main difference to the other species is that the males have an all-black plumage, with only a faint shade of blue in the chest and brown undertail coverts. The females are similar to that of the common austral grouse. The males have 52 cm and the females 41 cm.[/more] I also have in this archive some names for possible species that I never developed bayond some few facts. Maybe someone could help me make their descriptions.
wovoka: JOrnitho ïèøåò: Atlantic mborevi (Probocitherium grandis) I like the description. So we need the description of aguti "forest macrauhenia" to understand the relationships between them and mborevi. I found the vocabulary of language tapiete (it is the version of Guarani), but guarani and tupi are very close as I understand. So in tapiete lama - wasuraimiwa, forest -ka’a, nose - tenti, long - puku. So full name can be Pukutenti ka’awasuraimiwa (long-nosed forest lama) or just Pukutenti wasuraimiwa. or take word wanaku - guanaco (Pukutenti ka’awanaku). JOrnitho ïèøåò: Rather than giving horns to it, what do you think of having the males develop some type of structure used for intraspecific disputes? For example? I thought the horns wouldn't be the weapon for fighting of males, it will be just instrument of demonstration of sexual power of male: the more horn the more sexually attractive the male for females.
ìåäâåäü: Interesting animal!
JOrnitho: wovoka ïèøåò: So full name can be Pukutenti ka’awasuraimiwa (long-nosed forest lama) or just Pukutenti wasuraimiwa. or take word wanaku - guanaco (Pukutenti ka’awanaku). I like Pukutenti ka’awanaku more. wovoka ïèøåò: For example? I thought the horns wouldn't be the weapon for fighting of males, it will be just instrument of demonstration of sexual power of male: the more horn the more sexually attractive the male for females. Then the horns could be used this way, rather than a weapon for intraspecific disputes.
wovoka: JOrnitho ïèøåò: I like Pukutenti ka’awanaku more. Yes, it's shorter. JOrnitho ïèøåò: Then the horns could be used this way, rather than a weapon for intraspecific disputes. Ok! And what will be "the weapon for intraspecific disputes"?
JOrnitho: wovoka ïèøåò: Ok! And what will be "the weapon for intraspecific disputes"? Maybe a mace-like tail? The males could have a solid structure at the tip that they use to fight each other.
wovoka: JOrnitho ïèøåò: The males could have a solid structure at the tip that they use to fight each other. Like Doedicurus clavicaudatus?
JOrnitho: wovoka ïèøåò: Like Doedicurus clavicaudatus? Yes, but the tail could be more like that of the dinosaur Stegouros elengassen, with seven pairs of flat, blade-like bony scales fused together.
wovoka: JOrnitho ïèøåò: Yes, but the tail could be more like that of the dinosaur Stegouros elengassen, with seven pairs of flat, blade-like bony scales fused together. Cool!
wovoka: JOrnitho, I decided to make a little intro to the chapter "Marvellous Forest" It's here: http://sivatherium.borda.ru/?1-7-1685726303941-00000031-000-0-0#000.001 in English (sorry for my English). Two explanations. I decided to give the english name to Pukutenti ka’awanaku - forest litopternoagouti. What do you think? Also we decided to make little predator opossum (the descendant of Didelphis albiventris) that look like little Sparassodonta, I decided to choose cladosiktis from epoche of Miocene: english name neocladosiktis, tupi-guarani name pukutirai gaba (in tapiete language: puku – long, ti-r-äï -tooth, in tupi language gã'bá - opossum). Nobody knows what was it's color. I've found to versions: Which you like more?
wovoka: One more idea for "Marvellous Forest" make Brotogeris tirica not only eating seeds, fruit, flowers, and nectar from a very wide variety of plants and trees & adult and larval insects, but eating ticks from the skin of Mborevi and other herbivorous animals. The name of Brotogeris tirica by Tupi language - Tiriba.
JOrnitho: wovoka ïèøåò: JOrnitho, I decided to make a little intro to the chapter "Marvellous Forest" It's here: http://sivatherium.borda.ru/?1-7-1685726303941-00000031-000-0-0#000.001 in English (sorry for my English). I like it! wovoka ïèøåò: I decided to give the english name to Pukutenti ka’awanaku - forest litopternoagouti. What do you think? Also we decided to make little predator opossum (the descendant of Didelphis albiventris) that look like little Sparassodonta, I decided to choose cladosiktis from epoche of Miocene: english name neocladosiktis, tupi-guarani name pukutirai gaba (in tapiete language: puku – long, ti-r-äï -tooth, in tupi language gã'bá - opossum). I like the name of both animals. Would the neocladosiktis be part of the Martenodelphidae? It's life style suits that of the martem opossum, their close relative. If we do it, I think that we could have the mongooses be the ones feeding of serpents and scorpions, since we would already have a cool marsupial predator. wovoka ïèøåò: Which you like more? I like the color of the first one, but with the body shape of the second. This combination remember me of a quoll (Dasyurus). I think that the neocladosiktis would have a lifestyle simialr to the quolls, but living in the trees. wovoka ïèøåò: One more idea for "Marvellous Forest" make Brotogeris tirica not only eating seeds, fruit, flowers, and nectar from a very wide variety of plants and trees & adult and larval insects, but eating ticks from the skin of Mborevi and other herbivorous animals. The name of Brotogeris tirica by Tupi language - Tiriba. This is a nice idea! These Brotogeris could also do it with Tapirotherium and barocavias.
wovoka: JOrnitho ïèøåò: I like it! Thank you! Later I'll try to make the plan of rhe chapter. JOrnitho ïèøåò: Would the neocladosiktis be part of the Martenodelphidae? Would they have the same ancestor: Didelphis albiventris? Then ok. But it's aninal now have such areal: . Could he get to Amazonia to neocene? JOrnitho ïèøåò: I like the color of the first one, but with the body shape of the second. This combination remember me of a quoll (Dasyurus). Yes, they have something similar. JOrnitho ïèøåò: I think that the neocladosiktis would have a lifestyle simialr to the quolls, but living in the trees. I think he could periodically hunt on the earth or even sleep in the earth holes especially in dry seasons. Or even so: the younger persons living on the trees and hunting in the night, the old and larger persons with big hunting expirience live on the earth, sleep in the earth holes and hunt in the morning or evening and like bigger prey. The persons of middle age part of the life spending on trees and part on earth. JOrnitho ïèøåò: These Brotogeris could also do it with Tapirotherium and barocavias. I was thinking he would live only in Atlantic forest, because today Brotogeris tirica have a very small living areal . He need to expanse living space to neocene for eating ticks of amazonian tapirotherium. I would also like to "reanimate" such animals: What do you think who could be the ansectors, and were we can settle them? First may be only capibara or paca, somewhere in pampas. The second can be tuco-tuco in wet Pampa or marshes, or may be in shrubs. The third can be some meat eating Rattus norvegicus somewere in desert. Or may be somebody else? May be some monkey living in desert?
JOrnitho: wovoka ïèøåò: Would they have the same ancestor: Didelphis albiventris? Then ok. But it's aninal now have such areal: They share the same ancestor. Since the Amazonian marten opossum already reached the rainforest, then it already happened. It's perfect! wovoka ïèøåò: I think he could periodically hunt on the earth or even sleep in the earth holes especially in dry seasons. Or even so: the younger persons living on the trees and hunting in the night, the old and larger persons with big hunting expirience live on the earth, sleep in the earth holes and hunt in the morning or evening and like bigger prey. The persons of middle age part of the life spending on trees and part on earth. Since they are nocturnal, there will not have competition with the mongoose that would hunt during the entire day. wovoka ïèøåò: I was thinking he would live only in Atlantic forest, because today Brotogeris tirica have a very small living areal He need to expanse living space to neocene for eating ticks of amazonian tapirotherium. I see, but they could still eat ticks of barocavias too. wovoka ïèøåò: What do you think who could be the ansectors, and were we can settle them? First may be only capibara or paca, somewhere in pampas. The second can be tuco-tuco in wet Pampa or marshes, or may be in shrubs. The third can be some meat eating Rattus norvegicus somewere in desert. Or may be somebody else? May be some monkey living in desert? I think that the one that evolved from the capybara could be related to the barocavia, but living in dry areas. Since the Neocene already have barocavias, I don’t think that tuco-tucos in wetlands would be plausible, since this niche is already filled. The "revived" Pampaphoneus could be a marsupial living in the desert of Atacama or the Andean plateau. The monkey that we could "revive" is the Cartelles.
wovoka: JOrnitho ïèøåò: I think that the one that evolved from the capybara could be related to the barocavia, but living in dry areas. Since the Neocene already have barocavias, I don’t think that tuco-tucos in wetlands would be plausible, since this niche is already filled. I think the "Rhinoceros" can be relative to Megapaca deinodonta living in dry areas. Author already was thinking about butting form of barocavia or paca: https://sivatherium.borda.ru/?1-0-1685808150672-00000144-000-10001-0#014 https://sivatherium.borda.ru/?1-0-1685808150675-00000144-000-10001-0#015 https://sivatherium.borda.ru/?1-0-1685808150676-00000144-000-10001-0#017 And mixotoxodon can be descendant of Spalacopus cyanus in Chilean Mediterranean Coastal Semi-Desert Scrub & Grassland. I think barocavias and megapacas don't live there. ëÿãóøêà ïèøåò: Do you really want to revive Permian synapsids? No I just want to have the animal with the similar form of body. That's all JOrnitho ïèøåò: The "revived" Pampaphoneus could be a marsupial living in the desert of Atacama or the Andean plateau. Let it be marsupial! JOrnitho ïèøåò: The monkey that we could "revive" is the Cartelles. It's good idea! Who can be the ancestor of pseudocartelles?
ëÿãóøêà: wovoka No I just want to have the animal with the similar form of body. That's all Derived mammals have more efficient gait with limbs under the body, so they won't return to "reptilian" gait with splayed limbs (only if they shall need it and have no concurents). So, "mammal-like reptile" bodyplan can't evolve again from derived mammals. Carnivorous opossum in the Neocene shall be moongoose-like, but not strange and reptilian!
wovoka: ëÿãóøêà ïèøåò: Derived mammals have more efficient gait with limbs under the body, so they won't return to "reptilian" gait with splayed limbs (only if they shall need it and have no concurents). So, "mammal-like reptile" bodyplan can't evolve again from derived mammals. Carnivorous opossum in the Neocene shall be moongoose-like, but not strange and reptilian! So let it be a reptilia: something like Heloderma suspectum with the scales like have Atheris hispida considering that we will not grow hair on a reptile.
JOrnitho: wovoka ïèøåò: So let it be a reptilia: something like Heloderma suspectum with the scales like have Atheris hispida considering that we will not grow hair on a reptile I think that it wouldn't be possible because there is already many mammalian predators to fill the niche of the Pampaphoneus.
JOrnitho: ëÿãóøêà ïèøåò: Carnivorous opossum in the Neocene shall be moongoose-like, but not strange and reptilian! In this case, I think that this animal should be more like a large Sparassodont like the Thylacosmilus or even the Australian marsupial lion. It would make more sense. wovoka ïèøåò: It's good idea! Who can be the ancestor of pseudocartelles? I think that a capuchin monkey would make more sense, since the howler monkeys would be more difficult in becoming terrestrial primates. The capuchin monkeys in the Cerrado and caatinga already visit the floor, usually to use tools to break nuts.
ëÿãóøêà: JOrnitho "revived" Pampaphoneus Do you really want to revive Permian synapsids? I don't belive in it because: 1) Permian world was very different from Cenozoic and had other conditions for living beings. 2) Permian synapsids aka "mammal-like reptiles" were limited by their primitive anatomy. Mammals haven't this limits - they have limbs under the body, characterising skull and advanced form of viviparity. So, if they will fill niches of Permians, they should stay mammals. Reviving them won't be truly "reviving".
JOrnitho: ëÿãóøêà ïèøåò: Do you really want to revive Permian synapsids? I don't belive in it because: I'm aware of that. Any animal that evolve to have such characteristic would only fill their niches. For example, a marsupial or placental would be very, very superficially similar to a Pampaphoneus due to the niche that they are now filling. The correct rhing there is "replacement with a new model", rather than "reviving". Like how the Tapirotherium replaced the proboscids in South America.
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