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Galliformes and other animals for South America (продолжение)
JOrnitho: Hello! I'm back with ideas for some new species for South America. I found in my computer an archive with some ideas for fauna and flora that I had some time ago and decided to show there to ask your opinion about them. The first is about a descendant of the domestic chicken. [more]Copper jacumitan (Jacumita cuprinus) During the Holocene, the man introduced many species in other continents. The jacumitan is a descendant of domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) that are introduced in South America. It replaced the birds in the family Cracidae, which are extinct in the Neocene, in some areas. In a matter of fact, the name jacumitan is the junction of the words jacu, the popular name in Brazil for guans of the Genus Penelope, and the tupi word mitã (mitan) that means new, this way the name means “new guan”. The copper jacumitan is the type species of this genus and lives in the savannas and woodlands of Central South America. The copper jacumitan is sexually dysmorphic. The male measure 190 cm, due to the long tail, it has a bright coppery brown upperbody plumage and reddish-brown feathers below. They also have metallic dark green feathers on the tail and wings. Only males have a bright red naked skin on the face, with two wattles that conceal the sides of its head. This characteristic is shared by all males of the genus Jacumita. The males of the genus also have crests formed by white feathers with black tips. During courtship and panic moments, they rise the crests. The females have 75 cm of length and are cryptic brown and adapted to camouflage, its naked skin on the face is pale pink and don’t have flesh wattles. The young males are similar to the females until they reach 9 weeks, at this time the wattle begin to develop. Both sexes have long orange colored legs and grey beak. The males have spurs that they use in fights for dominance. The neck is long and slim. Copper jacumitans can fly, but prefer to run from the predators flying only as last resort. These birds are omnivorous and feed on insects, seeds, and fruits. Its forage for food by scratching the ground, usually near herbivores this way there is other animals observing for the presence of predators. Often the male sits on a high perch, to serve as a lookout for his group. He sounds an alarm call if predators are nearby. At night it will sleep perched on branches. Copper jacumitans are polygamous; the male will have a harem with 5 to 12 females and will guards the area where his females are nesting, and attack other males that enter his territory. To initiate courting, the males will dance in a circle around or near a female, raising their crests and lowering the wing which is closest to the hen. Then, he will vocalize and when she responds to his call, the male will mount her and proceed with the mating. The females make their nest in the ground, laying 6 to 14 red eggs which are incubated for 22 days. Chicks are precocious, leaving the nest shortly they are born. They fledge in about 4 to 5 weeks, and at 13 weeks old are chased out of the group by their mother, at which point the young males start to form a harem and the females join an existing one. Sexual maturity is reached at 6 months and the lifespan of this species is of 13 years, however is common for males to die early due to predation. Other species in the genus Jacumita are: Golden jacumitan (Jacumita aurea) Living in the forests of the Atlantic coast of South America, the males of this species has 200 cm of length, from beak to tail, while the females have 83 cm. The plumage of the male have a bright golden-yellow plumage in the upperparts, being scarlet in the chest and belly. They have dark metallic green wing feathers and tail while the female is cryptic brown. Red jacumitan (Jacumita amazonica) Living in the "terra firme" forests of the Amazon , the males of this species has 185 cm of length, from beak to tail, while females have 70 cm. The plumage of male is bright orange-red in the upperparts, while their chest and belly is yellow. The males also have dark metallic blue wing feathers and tail while the female is cryptic brown. Andean jacumitan (Jacumita andina) Living in the highland forests in the slopes of the Andes, the males of this species has 170 cm of length, from beak to tail, while females have 68 cm. The plumage of the males is white in the upperparts and yellowish-red in the belly and chest. The males also have dark metallic blue wing feathers and tail while the female is cryptic brown. This other one is about a descendant of the californian quail: Common austral grouse (Tetraoinus australis) During the Holocene, the man introduced many exotic species different habitats, the ancestor of the austral grouse was one of these species. Their ancestor was not a true grouse, but the Californian quail, due to evolutionary convergence they acquired characteristics similar to the true grouses of North America. Living in the forests of Southern South America, the male austral grouse are 55 cm long and the female have 44 cm of length. The male have a dark grey body plumage, black-and-white bridled head pattern, black back and a greyish-blue belly. They have a curving crest or plume, made of six feathers that droops forward (long and black in males /short and brown in females) and long forked blackish tail with white undertail coverts. Females and immature birds are mainly greyish-brown with a light-brown belly. Both sexes have a black bill and relatively long grey legs. Their diet consists mainly of seeds and leaves, but they also eat some berries and insects. In some regions their main source of food are the seeds of trees of the Genus Araucaria. These birds are not elegant fliers, however they sleep perched in branches. Given a choice, they will normally escape on foot. During the courtship, the male austral grouse do displays on a lek, each male have a “personal space”. The males strut around their chose space, doing a display. The display consists of the male posturing himself with the head near the ground. Then, they start to move it from right to left showing their crests, simultaneously they raising the tail feathers, showing their withe undertail coverts. After that, they will raise their heads abruptly and whilst make a highly distinctive mating call. When another male invade the personal space of other, a fight happens, in this case the male will try to take of the crest of the rival, this way they will not be capable to display for the females. The female usually lays approximately 12 spotted eggs. The nest is a shallow scrape lined with vegetation on the ground. Incubation lasts from 21–25 days, usually performed by the female and rarely by the male. The chicks are precocial, leaving the nest with their parents within hours of hatching. The male stay with the female until the young leave, with 3 months. The young reach sexual maturity with 1 year, with this age the young males acquire the coloration of an adult male. Their lifespan is of 27 years. In the forests of Tierra del Fuego another species lives, the Black boreal grouse (Tetraoinus nigrus). Their main difference to the other species is that the males have an all-black plumage, with only a faint shade of blue in the chest and brown undertail coverts. The females are similar to that of the common austral grouse. The males have 52 cm and the females 41 cm.[/more] I also have in this archive some names for possible species that I never developed bayond some few facts. Maybe someone could help me make their descriptions.
wovoka: JOrnitho пишет: With the megafauna of South America being larger in the Neocene, would be possible for a larger vampire bat to appear? Like how the Desmodus draculae appeared in the Pleistocene. I think, yes! JOrnitho, what do you think, some large aquatic or semi-aquatic mammal will be found in the Neocene in Maracaibo lake instead of the dolphin Sotalia guianensis, for example. And who could become an ancestor? True, the lake with a rise of the level of the ocean will turn into a giant Gulf.
JOrnitho: wovoka пишет: JOrnitho, what do you think, some large aquatic or semi-aquatic mammal will be found in the Neocene in Maracaibo lake instead of the dolphin Sotalia guianensis, for example. And who could become an ancestor? wovoka, I think that it’s possible. The Caribbean species of algocetus could visit the Maracaibo gulf, perhaps to reproduce here. A resident species of the region could be a seal-like mammal. Sometime ago I proposed the lobo marino, a descendant of the American mink introduced in Southern South America. I'm not sure if other descendants of the mink would have reached the Caribe, I think that they would have remained in the Southern Hemisphere, close to Antartica. In this case, this species living in the Maracaibo gulf would need to be a case of convergent evolution. Perhaps a local species of mustelid or even the small Indian mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) introduced in the Caribbean Islands could have evolved in a seal-like animal. In the case of the mongoose, it would have evolved in the coast of the islands and reached the Maracaibo lake later. What do you think?
wovoka: JOrnitho пишет: The Caribbean species of algocetus could visit the Maracaibo gulf, perhaps to reproduce here Good idea! JOrnitho пишет: Perhaps a local species of mustelid or even the small Indian mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) introduced in the Caribbean Islands could have evolved in a seal-like animal. In the case of the mongoose, it would have evolved in the coast of the islands and reached the Maracaibo lake later. What do you think? And what if we take a native, South American, rather than an invasive species, like the Amazon weasel? It is really a land animal, but living on the shores of the Amazon river, it can learn to swim. And then become an analogue, if not of the seal, but of the giant otter. From the Casiquiare river it can get to the Orinoco river thеn to the ocean and thеn to the Maracaibo gulf. What do you think?
JOrnitho: wovoka пишет: And what if we take a native, South American, rather than an invasive species, like the Amazon weasel? It is really a land animal, but living on the shores of the Amazon river, it can learn to swim. And then become an analogue, if not of the seal, but of the giant otter. From the Casiquiare river it can get to the Orinoco river thеn to the ocean and thеn to the Maracaibo gulf. What do you think? The Neocene Amazon already have a rodent that fits the niche of the giant otter: the otterodent. This species would need to have a different lifestyle or live in different areas. Another good ancestor is the tayra (Eira barbara), a mustelid that alraedy inhabits the Maracaibo lake. The population living in the region could have developed an aquatic lifestyle, with preference for marine and brackish environment. This way they would become more like a sea otter or seal. From there, these marine mammals could have radiated to Caribbean Islands and perhaps the Mexican gulf.
wovoka: JOrnitho пишет: tayra Tayra is a good variant! Will you describe it? And what will be the relationships between the water tayras and algocetuses? Water tayra - may be we should give it some name? You don't know the name of the Tayra in any of the Chibcha languages? And what about amazon weasel? Нow can it evolve? Maybe it will be a medium-sized predator of the Amazon, hunting monkeys, birds and other arboreal animals in the forest canopy? Or we can make her a semi-aquatic creature that lives in the lakes and rivers of Ecuador? What do you think?
JOrnitho: wovoka пишет: Tayra is a good variant! Will you describe it? And what will be the relationships between the water tayras and algocetuses? Yes! I can write it. However, we need to decide if this species would have the lifestyle of a sea otter or of a seal. If possible, I'm inclined to have it being a bit of both, with these mustelids having the body plan of a seal, but feeding on benthic invertebrates and occasional small fishes. Regarding their relationship with the algocetuses, these mustelids could follow them to eat animals that are disturbed by these herbivores. It would be similar to what happens with the ayapuh in Southern South America. Another animal that could live around the Maracaibo gulf is the barocavia. I think that they would be well suited to the marshlands at the deltas of the rivers that drain there. And what about amazon weasel? Нow can it evolve? Maybe it will be a medium-sized predator of the Amazon, hunting monkeys, birds and other arboreal animals in the forest canopy? Or we can make her a semi-aquatic creature that lives in the lakes and rivers of Ecuador? I like the idea of it being semi-aquatic. Perhaps it's adapted to hunt in the flooded areas of the Amazon, such as the igapós. It could even hunt small semi-aquatic rodents.
wovoka: JOrnitho, I like all the ideas! We just have to come up with names for water tayra and semi-aquatic amazon weasel! May be we can сall water tayra - aira - in Carib language or eîrara in Old Tupi. Semi-aquatic amazon weasel we can call eiba - weasel in Chibcha language, if it get from Amazonia to Orinoco and will get to the extensive swamps of the Orinoco Delta. I also think that the ocelot can live on the coast of Maracaibo and catch large fish, water birds and cubs of algocetus. We can call him awaruwape - legendary jaguar in Carib language. And brazilian guinea pig can became an analogue of peccary and eat aquatic plants on the shore of the bay. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ And i think we can make out of a Geoffroy's cat a big semi-aquatic creature the size of a jaguar in the lakes of Argentina (two speces: one in the great lakes and rivers of Santa Cruz province we will call it Oochel - Geoffroy's cat in Tehuelche language, second in salt lake Mar Chiquita charaba - cacique in the languge sanavirona.
JOrnitho: wovoka пишет: May be we can сall water tayra - aira - in Carib language or eîrara in Old Tupi. What do you think of Yara or Uiara? It's the name of a siren in the Brazilian folklore and a literal translation means "the one that lives in the waters" from old tupi. Since this species would expend most of the time at water, this name can suit it. Semi-aquatic amazon weasel we can call eiba - weasel in Chibcha language, if it get from Amazonia to Orinoco and will get to the extensive swamps of the Orinoco Delta. I like this name. Perhaps other species in this genus could have spread to other rivers of Amazon, including the Orinoco. I also think that the ocelot can live on the coast of Maracaibo and catch large fish, water birds and cubs of algocetus. We can call him awaruwape - legendary jaguar in Carib language. It could be like the jaguars of Pantanal, which are adapted to hunt aquatic animals in the marshlands. I think that algocetus' cubs would be a very occasional prey. Cubs of barocavia would be more common in their diet. And i think we can make out of a Geoffroy's cat a big semi-aquatic creature the size of a jaguar in the lakes of Argentina (two speces: one in the great lakes and rivers of Santa Cruz province we will call it Oochel - Geoffroy's cat in Tehuelche language, second in salt lake Mar Chiquita charaba - cacique in the languge sanavirona. Would they actively hunt underwater or be like a jaguar, being capable of swimming and catching prey in the water occasionally? There is mythologies about water panthers, perhaps these two cats could be like them. I also thought that a giant darter (Anhinga) could live in the Maracaibo gulf. I'm in doubt if it would need to be flightless.
wovoka: JOrnitho пишет: Yara I like the name! JOrnitho пишет: Perhaps other species in this genus could have spread to other rivers of Amazon, including the Orinoco. Ok! let it be! JOrnitho пишет: It could be like the jaguars of Pantanal, which are adapted to hunt aquatic animals in the marshlands. I think that algocetus' cubs would be a very occasional prey. Cubs of barocavia would be more common in their diet. Yes! I absolutely agree! JOrnitho пишет: Would they actively hunt underwater or be like a jaguar, being capable of swimming and catching prey in the water occasionally? There is mythologies about water panthers, perhaps these two cats could be like them. I think the first species from Santa Cruz will hunt undewater, the second from the salt lake Mar Chiquita wil be like jaguar. JOrnitho пишет: There is mythologies about water panthers, perhaps these two cats could be like them. What is this legend and what is the name of this water panthers? JOrnitho пишет: I also thought that a giant darter (Anhinga) could live in the Maracaibo gulf. I'm in doubt if it would need to be flightless. Let it be flightless! And what do you think about brazilian guinea pig that became an analogue of White-lipped peccary and eat the plants on the shore of the Maracaibo gulf? I just can't think of a name for it.
JOrnitho: wovoka пишет: What is this legend and what is the name of this water panthers? There is several myths about such creatures in different parts of the world. The indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands and Great Lakes region in North America had the mishipeshu, also know as the water lynx. There is a creature in Amazonian folklore that is called the tapire-iaura and is described as a water jaguar with size of a cow that hunts in the flooded forests. In Chile, the Mapuche had legends about a creature called Nguruvilu, a half fox and half snake that cause dangerous whirlpools which kill people who try to cross rivers. And what do you think about brazilian guinea pig that became an analogue of White-lipped peccary and eat the plants on the shore of the Maracaibo gulf? I just can't think of a name for it. I like it! Perhaps its name could have something related with the peccari (since they are going to fit in its niche) and cuy (the spanish name of the guinea pig). I think that they could even be like a capybara. Other animals living in the Maracaibo gulf and the Catatumbo delta could be large snakes and turtles. If we have more species, the region (delta+gulf) could be a good place for a chapter.
wovoka: Let us call the hunting underwater cat from Santa Cruz Nguruvilu and the second cat tapiraiaura. JOrnitho пишет: Perhaps its name could have something related with the peccari (since they are going to fit in its niche) and cuy (the spanish name of the guinea pig). I think that they could even be like a capybara. Then it can be kapìwa - capybara in carib language, or better cabiai-pyinko: from the words in carib language cabiai - cavy and pyinko - white-lipped peccary. JOrnitho пишет: Other animals living in the Maracaibo gulf and the Catatumbo delta could be large snakes and turtles. Also we need birds and fishes. And may be the blue crab - Ucides cordatus (in carib language - kusa) JOrnitho пишет: the region (delta+gulf) could be a good place for a chapter. This is the main purpose of our discussion And it will be interesting to make chapter about Nguruvilu for example in this lake https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Carrera_Lake the other animals of the chapter could be Lagostomus maximus (will be analogue of water deer), Galictis cuja (will be analogue of bear eating on the shore the different mammals, water birds and eggs, snakes, amphibians), Cerdocyon thous (will be smaller, may be with some features of nutria, will be eating water species: fishes, amphibians and swiming birds).
JOrnitho: wovoka пишет: Let us call the hunting underwater cat from Santa Cruz Nguruvilu and the second cat tapiraiaura. I agree! wovoka пишет: Then it can be kapìwa - capybara in carib language, or better cabiai-pyinko: from the words in carib language cabiai - cavy and pyinko - white-lipped peccary. I prefer cabiai-pyinko. Now that I think about it, this species would also be a prey of the descendant of the ocelot. Also we need birds and fishes. And may be the blue crab - Ucides cordatus (in carib language - kusa) We have the giant anhinga (a local name would be good for it). There could be rail, a descendant of the black-bellied whistling duck and perhaps a descendant of the sungrebe. I'll need to search about the fish, but the descendant of the blue crab could be one of the prey of the yara. And it will be interesting to make chapter about Nguruvilu for example in this lake https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Carrera_Lake the other animals of the chapter could be Lagostomus maximus (will be analogue of water deer), Galictis cuja (will be analogue of bear eating on the shore the different mammals, water birds and eggs, snakes, amphibians), Cerdocyon thous (will be smaller, may be with some features of nutria, will be eating water species: fishes, amphibians and swiming birds). I like it! This lake have populations of brown and rainbow trouts that can have 5 to 6 kg. There could be descendants of these two species filling different niches in the lake.
wovoka: JOrnitho пишет: I prefer cabiai-pyinko. Ok! JOrnitho пишет: Now that I think about it, this species would also be a prey of the descendant of the ocelot. Yes, sure! JOrnitho пишет: a local name would be good for it I'll try to find. JOrnitho пишет: There could be rail, a descendant of the black-bellied whistling duck and perhaps a descendant of the sungrebe. Very good choice of the birds! JOrnitho пишет: the descendant of the blue crab could be one of the prey of the yara. I think so too! JOrnitho пишет: I'll need to search about the fish, Yes, please! JOrnitho пишет: There could be descendants of these two species filling different niches in the lake. Ok, very good. Is there any crustaceans in this lake? They could be the good prey for Nguruvilu and for Cerdocyon thous.
wovoka: Galictis cuja can eat barocavias on the shores of the lake. Also we can use in the chapter Lyncodon patagonicus, but I haven't yet come up with it niche. And I think we can use in the chapter Spizaetus ornatus - it can be as giant as Haast's eagle and hunting on deermaras and animals of equal size, it will nest in the Patagonian Andes. Also we can make an analogue of Rhea pennata from Tinamotis ingoufi.
JOrnitho: wovoka пишет: Galictis cuja can eat barocavias on the shores of the lake. The barocavias of this region could be another species. Perhaps smaller and shaggier than the ones of the tropical areas. wovoka пишет: Also we can use in the chapter Lyncodon patagonicus, but I haven't yet come up with it niche. It could be like a ferret, hunting rodents inside their underground dens. wovoka пишет: And I think we can use in the chapter Spizaetus ornatus - it can be as giant as Haast's eagle and hunting on deermaras and animals of equal size, it will nest in the Patagonian Andes. Maybe the Geranoetus melanoleucus would be a better ancestor? It's adapted to live in the Andes and open areas. wovoka пишет: Also we can make an analogue of Rhea pennata from Tinamotis ingoufi. The Neocene already have the Pampas giant tinamou. It inhabits the Patagonia, so it already fills this niche.
wovoka: лягушка пишет: Interesting discussion Thanks! JOrnitho, so we have such a bestiary for the future chapter about Maracaibo Gulf (let's think of a chapter title). Here will be capibaras and algocetuses New species 1. Yara - water descendent of tayra. 2. Awaruwape - jaguar-like descendent of ocelot 3. Cabiai-pyinko - peccary-like descendent of brazilian guinea pig 4. Karara - flightless descendent of giant darter (Anhinga) (in Carib language karara means and darter, and cormorant). 5. descendent of rail* 6. Kàwiriri - descendent of Dendrocygna autumnalis (Kàwiriri - is the name of this duck in carib language). 7. Cyculi - descendent of sungrebe (Heliornis fulica) (Cyculi - is the name of the bird in Guahibo language) 8. Kusa - descendant of blue crab (Ucides cordatus) The name of the rail will depend of it species: Porphyrula martinica: karapisuru purple gallinule - best of all I like this one Aramides cajanea: kotaka grey-necked wood-rail Rallus maculatus: akatasuwe spotted rail Rallus longirostris: sansaparu clapper rail Snakes kuwasakara - watersnake sp. ( it can be Pseudoeryx relictualis, Helicops scalaris, Hydrops triangularis, Liophis spp.) akurimopi - indigosnake (Drymarchon corais) asakaimo - rattlesnake [Crotalus durissus) okoju (it is spelling okoyu) - Xenodon severus sakompo any snake of Boidae family urupere or okojumo (it is spelling okoyumo) - carib mithological snake monsters sakurakura - any snake. Turtles arakaka - Guiana wood turtle, scorpion mud turtle, galap (Rhinoclemmys punctularia) - sometimes found in Lake Maracaibo, we can give this name arakaka to Rhinoclemmys diademata (the endemic of Maracaibo) Sea turtle tarekaja (Caretta caretta) but this species is vulnerable katusi or wajamu (it is spelling wayamu) - any turtle.
JOrnitho: wovoka пишет: JOrnitho, so we have such a bestiary for the future chapter about Maracaibo Gulf (let's think of a chapter title). Nice! I'll start to work in these descriptions. Porphyrula martinica: karapisuru purple gallinule - best of all I like this one Rallus maculatus: akatasuwe spotted rail Since they fill different niches, I think that we could have a rail and a gallinule. What do you think of an Anaconda like snake living in the region? Are sea turtles still alive in the Neocene?
лягушка: Interesting discussion, I'll read it today!
медведь: Are sea turtles still alive in the Neocene? No. But there are turtles from the new family Neoathecae (False scuteless turtles) from which the Atlantic bat turtle lays its eggs on the shores of the Amazon and Hippolyte rivers.
JOrnitho: медведь пишет: No. But there are turtles from the new family Neoathecae (False scuteless turtles) from which the Atlantic bat turtle lays its eggs on the shores of the Amazon and Hippolyte rivers. Then this species can appear in this chapter.
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