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Galliformes and other animals for South America (ïðîäîëæåíèå)
JOrnitho: Hello! I'm back with ideas for some new species for South America. I found in my computer an archive with some ideas for fauna and flora that I had some time ago and decided to show there to ask your opinion about them. The first is about a descendant of the domestic chicken. [more]Copper jacumitan (Jacumita cuprinus) During the Holocene, the man introduced many species in other continents. The jacumitan is a descendant of domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) that are introduced in South America. It replaced the birds in the family Cracidae, which are extinct in the Neocene, in some areas. In a matter of fact, the name jacumitan is the junction of the words jacu, the popular name in Brazil for guans of the Genus Penelope, and the tupi word mitã (mitan) that means new, this way the name means “new guan”. The copper jacumitan is the type species of this genus and lives in the savannas and woodlands of Central South America. The copper jacumitan is sexually dysmorphic. The male measure 190 cm, due to the long tail, it has a bright coppery brown upperbody plumage and reddish-brown feathers below. They also have metallic dark green feathers on the tail and wings. Only males have a bright red naked skin on the face, with two wattles that conceal the sides of its head. This characteristic is shared by all males of the genus Jacumita. The males of the genus also have crests formed by white feathers with black tips. During courtship and panic moments, they rise the crests. The females have 75 cm of length and are cryptic brown and adapted to camouflage, its naked skin on the face is pale pink and don’t have flesh wattles. The young males are similar to the females until they reach 9 weeks, at this time the wattle begin to develop. Both sexes have long orange colored legs and grey beak. The males have spurs that they use in fights for dominance. The neck is long and slim. Copper jacumitans can fly, but prefer to run from the predators flying only as last resort. These birds are omnivorous and feed on insects, seeds, and fruits. Its forage for food by scratching the ground, usually near herbivores this way there is other animals observing for the presence of predators. Often the male sits on a high perch, to serve as a lookout for his group. He sounds an alarm call if predators are nearby. At night it will sleep perched on branches. Copper jacumitans are polygamous; the male will have a harem with 5 to 12 females and will guards the area where his females are nesting, and attack other males that enter his territory. To initiate courting, the males will dance in a circle around or near a female, raising their crests and lowering the wing which is closest to the hen. Then, he will vocalize and when she responds to his call, the male will mount her and proceed with the mating. The females make their nest in the ground, laying 6 to 14 red eggs which are incubated for 22 days. Chicks are precocious, leaving the nest shortly they are born. They fledge in about 4 to 5 weeks, and at 13 weeks old are chased out of the group by their mother, at which point the young males start to form a harem and the females join an existing one. Sexual maturity is reached at 6 months and the lifespan of this species is of 13 years, however is common for males to die early due to predation. Other species in the genus Jacumita are: Golden jacumitan (Jacumita aurea) Living in the forests of the Atlantic coast of South America, the males of this species has 200 cm of length, from beak to tail, while the females have 83 cm. The plumage of the male have a bright golden-yellow plumage in the upperparts, being scarlet in the chest and belly. They have dark metallic green wing feathers and tail while the female is cryptic brown. Red jacumitan (Jacumita amazonica) Living in the "terra firme" forests of the Amazon , the males of this species has 185 cm of length, from beak to tail, while females have 70 cm. The plumage of male is bright orange-red in the upperparts, while their chest and belly is yellow. The males also have dark metallic blue wing feathers and tail while the female is cryptic brown. Andean jacumitan (Jacumita andina) Living in the highland forests in the slopes of the Andes, the males of this species has 170 cm of length, from beak to tail, while females have 68 cm. The plumage of the males is white in the upperparts and yellowish-red in the belly and chest. The males also have dark metallic blue wing feathers and tail while the female is cryptic brown. This other one is about a descendant of the californian quail: Common austral grouse (Tetraoinus australis) During the Holocene, the man introduced many exotic species different habitats, the ancestor of the austral grouse was one of these species. Their ancestor was not a true grouse, but the Californian quail, due to evolutionary convergence they acquired characteristics similar to the true grouses of North America. Living in the forests of Southern South America, the male austral grouse are 55 cm long and the female have 44 cm of length. The male have a dark grey body plumage, black-and-white bridled head pattern, black back and a greyish-blue belly. They have a curving crest or plume, made of six feathers that droops forward (long and black in males /short and brown in females) and long forked blackish tail with white undertail coverts. Females and immature birds are mainly greyish-brown with a light-brown belly. Both sexes have a black bill and relatively long grey legs. Their diet consists mainly of seeds and leaves, but they also eat some berries and insects. In some regions their main source of food are the seeds of trees of the Genus Araucaria. These birds are not elegant fliers, however they sleep perched in branches. Given a choice, they will normally escape on foot. During the courtship, the male austral grouse do displays on a lek, each male have a “personal space”. The males strut around their chose space, doing a display. The display consists of the male posturing himself with the head near the ground. Then, they start to move it from right to left showing their crests, simultaneously they raising the tail feathers, showing their withe undertail coverts. After that, they will raise their heads abruptly and whilst make a highly distinctive mating call. When another male invade the personal space of other, a fight happens, in this case the male will try to take of the crest of the rival, this way they will not be capable to display for the females. The female usually lays approximately 12 spotted eggs. The nest is a shallow scrape lined with vegetation on the ground. Incubation lasts from 21–25 days, usually performed by the female and rarely by the male. The chicks are precocial, leaving the nest with their parents within hours of hatching. The male stay with the female until the young leave, with 3 months. The young reach sexual maturity with 1 year, with this age the young males acquire the coloration of an adult male. Their lifespan is of 27 years. In the forests of Tierra del Fuego another species lives, the Black boreal grouse (Tetraoinus nigrus). Their main difference to the other species is that the males have an all-black plumage, with only a faint shade of blue in the chest and brown undertail coverts. The females are similar to that of the common austral grouse. The males have 52 cm and the females 41 cm.[/more] I also have in this archive some names for possible species that I never developed bayond some few facts. Maybe someone could help me make their descriptions.
JOrnitho: wovoka ïèøåò: What do you think about bestiary of Fagnano Lake https://sivatherium.borda.ru/?1-7-1680187235428-00000029-000-10001-0#064 I like it! We can work on it after finishing with the Maracaibo gulf. By the way, what do you think of a chapter happening in the Atlantic forest of Rio de Janeiro? wovoka ïèøåò: I finished the description of Sakompo (water boa) and it's relative Urupere, but in russian https://sivatherium.borda.ru/?1-0-1680186779082-00000176-000-10001-0#048 This is a good description! Did you ever thought about the possibility of sea serpents living in the Atlantic? With the end of the Panama strait, they could cross it.
wovoka: JOrnitho ïèøåò: I like it! We can work on it after finishing with the Maracaibo gulf. I thought the most interesting for you as rodentologist would be to make the chapter about microwolves. I think we can call the chapter "The howling microwolves". Let's first work on it. Ok? JOrnitho ïèøåò: Did you ever thought about the possibility of sea serpents living in the Atlantic? With the end of the Panama strait, they could cross it. The the most suitable species is Hydrophis platurus. JOrnitho ïèøåò: By the way, what do you think of a chapter happening in the Atlantic forest of Rio de Janeiro? At least we can make a bestiary for the start. wovoka ïèøåò: 8. puma-like descendant of Leopardus braccatus - Kusariwara (in carib language) JOrnitho ïèøåò: This reminds me of an idea that I had for a puma-like descendant of the jaguarundi that would live in the Atlantic forests of South America. I have ideas for a chapter in this biome, more precisely happening in Rio de Janeiro. Maybe we could talk about it after finishing our other chapter ideas? The feline would be called Eyra (Genus Eyrailurus), a Tupi Guarani name for its ancestor, but that is also used for the tayra. If our ideas are conflicting with the same niche, what do you think if we merge them in only one animal for both Cerrado and Atlantic Forest? I'm leaving the description for you to give a look. I really wanted to make puma-like animal from Leopardus braccatus calling Kusariwara, can we somehow divide econiches of Kusariwara and Eyra?
JOrnitho: wovoka ïèøåò: Let's first work on it. Ok? Ok! I'll finish the descriptions and start with the rodents. I like the idea for the title. wovoka ïèøåò: The the most suitable species is Hydrophis platurus. Do you think that they could appear in the chapter about the bats? wovoka ïèøåò: At least we can make a bestiary for the start. I have some species that we could use. I'll make a list later. wovoka ïèøåò: I really wanted to make puma-like animal from Leopardus braccatus calling Kusariwara, can we somehow divide econiches of Kusariwara and Eyra? I envisioned the Eyra being a species of the Atlantic forest, which hunts small to medium-sized prey. Could the Kusariwara be adapted to savannas and Cerrado and hunt medium to large prey? Maybe a compact version of tiger or a large puma. From the bestiary, the Jaguarete is an Amazonian species, so it would only overlap a bit of the Eyra range in the North, like the cougar and the jaguar in the Holocene.
ìåäâåäü: I envisioned the Eyra being a species of the Atlantic forest, which hunts small to medium-sized prey. Could the Kusariwara be adapted to savannas and Cerrado and hunt medium to large prey? I am somehow not sure if so many different large felids could exist in South America. Now there are only two- jaguar and cougar, and in the Pleistocene the only other ones were Smilodon populator, who was a megafauna specialist, and Homotherium venezuelensis, which also hunted megafauna and may not have persisted in South America for long. Remember that even jaguars, that usually live in tropical rainforests had a subspecies Panthera onca mesembrina that lived in Patagonia. Even in Eurasia the distributions of lion and tiger had in the past overlapped in Transcaucasia and Western India.
JOrnitho: wovoka ïèøåò: Yes, maybe this is the best idea. But don't forget, we have in South America also Felinoraptor tigrinus descendant of puma. It will be bigger than Kusariwara. ìåäâåäü ïèøåò: I am somehow not sure if so many different large felids could exist in South America. Now there are only two- jaguar and cougar, and in the Pleistocene the only other ones were Smilodon populator, who was a megafauna specialist, and Homotherium venezuelensis, which also hunted megafauna and may not have persisted in South America for long. Remember that even jaguars, that usually live in tropical rainforests had a subspecies Panthera onca mesembrina that lived in Patagonia. Even in Eurasia the distributions of lion and tiger had in the past overlapped in Transcaucasia and Western India. Since I forgot about the Felinoraptor, I agree that so many felines in South America could not be possible. There is the Felinoraptor, jaguarete and uecubu. However, it makes me think if the eyra could be specialized to hunt monkeys and birds mostly in the tree canopy, like a fossa. What do you two think? Of course, it would be smaller than I planned early.
wovoka: JOrnitho ïèøåò: Do you think that they could appear in the chapter about the bats? Good idea! Next week I'll make bestiary and for this chapter. JOrnitho ïèøåò: I have some species that we could use. I'll make a list later. Ok! JOrnitho ïèøåò: Maybe a compact version of tiger Yes, maybe this is the best idea. But don't forget, we have in South America also Felinoraptor tigrinus descendant of puma. It will be bigger than Kusariwara.
JOrnitho: Talking about felines, I made the description of a genus of small cats that are descendants of the domestic cat. They would fill the niche of the Genus Leopardus. They would share the name with South American tribes: Tamoio, Kaingang, etc.
wovoka: Maybe Kusariwara will be like Miracinonyx, he will be bigger and faster than uecubu and have bigger fangs. And he will live only in Brazilian Cerrado that will be the territory of a lot of big 2-5 meters termite mounds. He could quickly jump on this hills.So he's main diet will be moco-pseudoargils, that could like argalis also quickly jump on this hills and Myrmedillo destructors, which have hard shells, and also cubs of hippotapirs living on the banks of local rivers. Maybe he will be descendent of hybrid of Leopardus braccatus and Leopardus tigrinus, "hybrids between the Pantanal cat and oncilla are known from Brazil".
JOrnitho: wovoka ïèøåò: Maybe Kusariwara will be like Miracinonyx, he will be bigger and faster than uecubu and have bigger fangs. And he will live only in Brazilian Cerrado that will be the territory of a lot of big 2-5 meters termite mounds. He could quickly jump on this hills.So he's main diet will be moco-pseudoargils, that could like argalis also quickly jump on this hills and Myrmedillo destructors, which have hard shells, and also cubs of hippotapirs living on the banks of local rivers. Maybe he will be descendent of hybrid of Leopardus braccatus and Leopardus tigrinus, "hybrids between the Pantanal cat and oncilla are known from Brazil". I think that it can work. The Kusariwara would be more specialized, while the Eyra is a generalist and adapted to forested habitats.
JOrnitho: Finished the Teitei and Awaruape's descriptions. I'm not sure if the one of the feline is good, since it's a subespecies of the jaguarete and the nominal one is already described in a chapter. Perhaps it should only appear in the chapter rather then having a description? Teitei, or tap dancer lapwing (Neovanellus teitei) Order: Charadriiformes Family: Charadriidae Habitat: Coastal areas of Tropical and Temperate South America, lagoons, mangroves and river deltas. During the Holocene, the southern lapwing (Vanellus chilensis) was a common and widespread species in South America. Being resilient, they thrived in the empty fields left by the humans. In the Neocene, they gave rise to a descendant, the Teitei. Differently from their ancestors, this species inhabits the coastal areas of Tropical and Temperate South America, including lagoons, mangroves and river deltas. Teitei is the name of the southern lapwing in the Wayuu language. The Teitei is 35 to 42 cm in length and weighs approximately 260 to 430 g, with males being larger and heavier than females. Besides that, the two also differ in their plumage. The male has a long crest and a glossy-black crown. Their upperparts are mainly reddish-brown, with a bronze glossing on the shoulders. The head is mainly reddish brown with a black forehead and throat patch extending onto the black breast. A white border separates the black of the face from the gray of the head and crest. The rest of the underparts are white, and the eye ring, legs and most of the bill are bright red. They are equipped with red bony extensions under the wings (spurs), used to intimidate foes and fight birds of prey. The female lacks the glossy feathers in the shoulders and crown. Their crest is shorter and the reddish brown is replaced by brownish gray. They lack the black forehead and throat patch, with only a pale gray being present in these areas. The eye ring, legs and bill are pale pink. Both sexes have lobbed fingers. This feeds primarily on small invertebrates and small fish that inhabit the mud of brackish areas. It’s during their foraging that they reveal why they are also called tap dancer lapwing. Rather than using the lobes of their fingers to help swim, the Teitei uses them to stir the mud below the water, making any invertebrate hiding here rise to the surface, allowing them to catch. While doing it, these birds look as if they are dancing. They’ll also forage during the low tide, using their beak to probe the ground. The Teitei is monogamous, with the pairs remaining together for the rest of their lives. They nest during the dry season and during this period the male will display to the female. It’ll begin with a flight while constantly calling for her. She’ll follow the male through the air, mimicking his flight. Once the two are on the ground, the male will open his wings and start to move around her. The female will replicate his movements and the two will start a “dance”. The mating starts soon after. Both new pairs and already mated ones will make this display. It increases the bond between the birds. They breed cooperatively in social groups that consist of a breeding pair with one or two young from the previous breeding season.They breed on plain areas close to the coast. It lays 2 to 4 olive-brown eggs in a bare ground scrape. The nest and young are defended noisily and aggressively against all intruders by means of threats, vocalizations and low flights. The chicks leave the nest immediately after hatching, but are fed by the parents and older siblings in dry areas for at least 4 weeks. After this period they follow their family to the water. The young fledge within 10 weeks and reach sexual maturity within 1 year. It’s usually at this time that they leave their parents. Teitei have a lifespan of 10 years. Awaruwape (Leopardus jaguarete awaruwape) Order: Carnivora Family: Felidae Habitat: Forests near swamps and marshlands of Northern South America, including the Catatumbo Delta. The anthropogenic onslaught over nature during the Holocene had damaged several ecosystems and brought several species to extinction. The disappearance of humanity gave some respite to the survivors and they continued to evolve. The ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) and the pampas cat (Leopardus colocolo) were one of these survivors. They hybridized and generated the Jaguarete, a large Amazonian predator. In the marshlands surrounding the Catatumbo Delta, the Jaguarete have a subespecies called the Awaruwape. This word is the name of a legendary jaguar in Carib language. Due to living in a more wet habitat than the Jaguarete, the Awaruwape have some particular characteristics. They are slightly larger, with a body length of 185-190. They are adapted for diving in salt water, having clarans in the ears and nostrils to keep water out of the auditory and respiratory systems when they are diving. Since they spend more time in the water than the jaguarete, its fur is darker, smoother and thicker, saving the feline from getting wet and hypothermia, as well as a thicker layer of subcutaneous fat. They also have skin between their paws that form a small webbing, which helps them swim through their flooded habitat with efficiency. Given it 's larger size, the Awaruwape also has a preference for hunting larger and more aquatic prey than the Jaguarete. Fishes, large aquatic birds, yaras, young barocavias and algocetuses that come too close to the coast. Their reproduction is the same as that of the nominal subespecies. They can mate year round and the gestation usually takes 3 months. After this period, the female gives birth to a litter of 2-5 kittens inside a den. The kittens start to be fed with solid food after 7 months, at this point they start to leave the den. The cubs stay with their mother for about 3 years, and then they begin an independent life. They have the same lifespan that the nominal subespecies, 18-20 years. :
ìåäâåäü: Interesting animals!
ëÿãóøêà: JOrnitho Order: Charadriiformes Family: Psittacidae What? It is a mistake or misprint? Parrots are placed into their own order, Psittaciformes. And they're not closely related to charadiiformes, but to passeriformes and falconiformes (click here) Lapwings are nor Psittacidae, they're Charadiidae! But species are good, I like them and add to lists.
JOrnitho: ëÿãóøêà ïèøåò: What? It is a mistake or misprint? Misprint. I copy pasted it from the Kotooro parrot, but forgot to remove the Psittacidae. Going to edit right now.
wovoka: Very good descriptions! Write please: awaruwape - legendary jaguar in Carib language. The main differences between jaguarete and awaruwape, in my opinion: it is adapted for diving in salt water, it has clarans in its ears and nostrils to keep water out of its auditory and respiratory systems when he is diving. Since it spends more time in the water than the jaguaret, its fur is darker, smoother and thicker, saving the beast from getting wet and hypothermia, as well as a thicker layer of subcutaneous fat.
JOrnitho: wovoka ïèøåò: awaruwape - legendary jaguar in Carib language. The main differences between jaguarete and awaruwape, in my opinion: it is adapted for diving in salt water, it has clarans in its ears and nostrils to keep water out of its auditory and respiratory systems when he is diving. Since it spends more time in the water than the jaguaret, its fur is darker, smoother and thicker, saving the beast from getting wet and hypothermia, as well as a thicker layer of subcutaneous fat. I'll add these details to the description.
wovoka: JOrnitho ïèøåò: I'll add these details to the description. Thank you! What is a lifespan of awaruwape?
JOrnitho: wovoka ïèøåò: What is a lifespan of awaruwape? I thought that it would the same that the nominal subespecies, 18-20 years.
JOrnitho: wokova These are the animals and plants for the chapter about the Atlantic forest, it could be called Marvellous Forest. Atlantic cherry and lowland jamelan Grey-headed marmoset Common sugar opossum Blue-fronted macaw (not a true macaw, but a descendant of the Pyrrhura) Great Suindara Great inamu Tamoio cat Eyra Panapanas Southern night tapaculo Gold-fronted erythrophonia Rufous-bellied choca, or Rufous-bellied antshrike Crested singing falcon
wovoka: JOrnitho ïèøåò: These are the animals and plants for the chapter about the Atlantic forest, it could be called Marvellous Forest. Good title! I'm sorry, could you please give latin names of ansectors or links on the already made descriptions? It is really very difficult to understand by the English names of creatures who is who.
JOrnitho: wovoka ïèøåò: I'm sorry, could you please give latin names of ansectors or links on the already made descriptions? It is really very difficult to understand by the English names of creatures who is who. I'm going to make another list, this time with the links. I already made their descriptions. Atlantic cherry and lowland jamelan Grey-headed marmoset Common sugar opossum Blue-fronted macaw Great Suindara Great inamu Tamoio cat Eyra Panapana Southern night tapaculo Gold-fronted erythrophonia Rufous-bellied choca, or rufous-bellied antshrike Crested singing falcon
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