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Galliformes and other animals for South America (ïðîäîëæåíèå)
JOrnitho: Hello! I'm back with ideas for some new species for South America. I found in my computer an archive with some ideas for fauna and flora that I had some time ago and decided to show there to ask your opinion about them. The first is about a descendant of the domestic chicken. [more]Copper jacumitan (Jacumita cuprinus) During the Holocene, the man introduced many species in other continents. The jacumitan is a descendant of domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) that are introduced in South America. It replaced the birds in the family Cracidae, which are extinct in the Neocene, in some areas. In a matter of fact, the name jacumitan is the junction of the words jacu, the popular name in Brazil for guans of the Genus Penelope, and the tupi word mitã (mitan) that means new, this way the name means “new guan”. The copper jacumitan is the type species of this genus and lives in the savannas and woodlands of Central South America. The copper jacumitan is sexually dysmorphic. The male measure 190 cm, due to the long tail, it has a bright coppery brown upperbody plumage and reddish-brown feathers below. They also have metallic dark green feathers on the tail and wings. Only males have a bright red naked skin on the face, with two wattles that conceal the sides of its head. This characteristic is shared by all males of the genus Jacumita. The males of the genus also have crests formed by white feathers with black tips. During courtship and panic moments, they rise the crests. The females have 75 cm of length and are cryptic brown and adapted to camouflage, its naked skin on the face is pale pink and don’t have flesh wattles. The young males are similar to the females until they reach 9 weeks, at this time the wattle begin to develop. Both sexes have long orange colored legs and grey beak. The males have spurs that they use in fights for dominance. The neck is long and slim. Copper jacumitans can fly, but prefer to run from the predators flying only as last resort. These birds are omnivorous and feed on insects, seeds, and fruits. Its forage for food by scratching the ground, usually near herbivores this way there is other animals observing for the presence of predators. Often the male sits on a high perch, to serve as a lookout for his group. He sounds an alarm call if predators are nearby. At night it will sleep perched on branches. Copper jacumitans are polygamous; the male will have a harem with 5 to 12 females and will guards the area where his females are nesting, and attack other males that enter his territory. To initiate courting, the males will dance in a circle around or near a female, raising their crests and lowering the wing which is closest to the hen. Then, he will vocalize and when she responds to his call, the male will mount her and proceed with the mating. The females make their nest in the ground, laying 6 to 14 red eggs which are incubated for 22 days. Chicks are precocious, leaving the nest shortly they are born. They fledge in about 4 to 5 weeks, and at 13 weeks old are chased out of the group by their mother, at which point the young males start to form a harem and the females join an existing one. Sexual maturity is reached at 6 months and the lifespan of this species is of 13 years, however is common for males to die early due to predation. Other species in the genus Jacumita are: Golden jacumitan (Jacumita aurea) Living in the forests of the Atlantic coast of South America, the males of this species has 200 cm of length, from beak to tail, while the females have 83 cm. The plumage of the male have a bright golden-yellow plumage in the upperparts, being scarlet in the chest and belly. They have dark metallic green wing feathers and tail while the female is cryptic brown. Red jacumitan (Jacumita amazonica) Living in the "terra firme" forests of the Amazon , the males of this species has 185 cm of length, from beak to tail, while females have 70 cm. The plumage of male is bright orange-red in the upperparts, while their chest and belly is yellow. The males also have dark metallic blue wing feathers and tail while the female is cryptic brown. Andean jacumitan (Jacumita andina) Living in the highland forests in the slopes of the Andes, the males of this species has 170 cm of length, from beak to tail, while females have 68 cm. The plumage of the males is white in the upperparts and yellowish-red in the belly and chest. The males also have dark metallic blue wing feathers and tail while the female is cryptic brown. This other one is about a descendant of the californian quail: Common austral grouse (Tetraoinus australis) During the Holocene, the man introduced many exotic species different habitats, the ancestor of the austral grouse was one of these species. Their ancestor was not a true grouse, but the Californian quail, due to evolutionary convergence they acquired characteristics similar to the true grouses of North America. Living in the forests of Southern South America, the male austral grouse are 55 cm long and the female have 44 cm of length. The male have a dark grey body plumage, black-and-white bridled head pattern, black back and a greyish-blue belly. They have a curving crest or plume, made of six feathers that droops forward (long and black in males /short and brown in females) and long forked blackish tail with white undertail coverts. Females and immature birds are mainly greyish-brown with a light-brown belly. Both sexes have a black bill and relatively long grey legs. Their diet consists mainly of seeds and leaves, but they also eat some berries and insects. In some regions their main source of food are the seeds of trees of the Genus Araucaria. These birds are not elegant fliers, however they sleep perched in branches. Given a choice, they will normally escape on foot. During the courtship, the male austral grouse do displays on a lek, each male have a “personal space”. The males strut around their chose space, doing a display. The display consists of the male posturing himself with the head near the ground. Then, they start to move it from right to left showing their crests, simultaneously they raising the tail feathers, showing their withe undertail coverts. After that, they will raise their heads abruptly and whilst make a highly distinctive mating call. When another male invade the personal space of other, a fight happens, in this case the male will try to take of the crest of the rival, this way they will not be capable to display for the females. The female usually lays approximately 12 spotted eggs. The nest is a shallow scrape lined with vegetation on the ground. Incubation lasts from 21–25 days, usually performed by the female and rarely by the male. The chicks are precocial, leaving the nest with their parents within hours of hatching. The male stay with the female until the young leave, with 3 months. The young reach sexual maturity with 1 year, with this age the young males acquire the coloration of an adult male. Their lifespan is of 27 years. In the forests of Tierra del Fuego another species lives, the Black boreal grouse (Tetraoinus nigrus). Their main difference to the other species is that the males have an all-black plumage, with only a faint shade of blue in the chest and brown undertail coverts. The females are similar to that of the common austral grouse. The males have 52 cm and the females 41 cm.[/more] I also have in this archive some names for possible species that I never developed bayond some few facts. Maybe someone could help me make their descriptions.
wovoka: May be we can give such names to the chapter "The Lake that became a Gulf" or "Catatumbo lightning" JOrnitho ïèøåò: Nice! I'll start to work in these descriptions. It's good news! JOrnitho ïèøåò: Since they fill different niches, I think that we could have a rail and a gallinule. Let it be so! JOrnitho ïèøåò: What do you think of an Anaconda like snake living in the region? I think it's possible! But what if will try to make sea Anaconda living in salt water of the Maracaibo Gulf? JOrnitho ïèøåò: The barocavias of this region could be another species. Perhaps smaller and shaggier than the ones of the tropical areas. Yes, i agree! It will be Patagonian shaggy barocavia. JOrnitho ïèøåò: It could be like a ferret, hunting rodents inside their underground dens. I just want to make it bigger. And make something like Azawakh (African hound) hunting on very fast rodents. It will be smaller than Uecubu. I think Microcavia australis and Galea musteloides could became "pseudorabbits". The hound like Lyncodon patagonicus could hunting them. But we should ecologically separate these two species of rodents into different niches. For example, galeas will look like maras and microcavias like rabbits, and they will eat different plants. JOrnitho ïèøåò: Maybe the Geranoetus melanoleucus would be a better ancestor? It's adapted to live in the Andes and open areas. Ok! JOrnitho ïèøåò: The Neocene already have the Pampas giant tinamou. It inhabits the Patagonia, so it already fills this niche. Then this bird species will be included in our chapter, but we can make a subspecies of this bird, living in wetlands arroud the lake. Bestiary for the chapter about General Carrera Lake. I propose the name of chapter "Lake Chelenko" (it is the autochthonous name of the lake, which means "stormy waters" in Aonikenk (one of the languages of Tehuelche indians), or just "Stormy waters". 1. Calfun the large descendent of blue eagle Geranoetus melanoleucus, analogue of Haast's eagle (calfun - blue eagle in Mapudungun, language of Mapuche indians) 2. Nguruvilu big hunting underwater cat from Santa Cruz lakes, descendent of Geoffroy's cat. 3. Choique (marsh subspecies of Pampas giant tinamou) - described in bestiary of neocen (Choique - rhea in Mapudungun) 4. Menuco-Loan - guanaco like descendent of Plains viscacha from vast wetlands arround the lake (Menuco- swamp and Loan - guanaco in Mapudungun) (the other subspecies of Menuco-Loan living in Menuco de las Cabezas de Vaca and Iberá Wetlands) 5. Co-Guru - semi-aquatic descendent of maikong (Co - water and Guru - fox in Mapudungun) 6. Sotaqui - bear like decsendent of lesser grison: hunting and gathering food along the banks of the rivers and lakes of Patagonia and in the wetlands around the rivers and lakes (Sotaqui means "very large" in Mapudungun) 7. Aukenk - hound like descendent of Patagonian weasel (Aukenk - hunter in Aonikenk) 8. Pajar - mara like descendent of Galea musteloides (Pajar - mara in Aonikenk) 9. Liwri - rabbit like descendendent of Microcavia australis (Liwri - hare in Quechua): there will be three species of liwri: Mountain liwri - almost all Ands, Wetland liwri - swamps and shores of the lakes of Patagonia and La Plata Basin, Lowland liwri - Patagonia, Gran Chaco. 10.Kokn - descendent of black-necked swan (Cygnus melancoryphus) (Kokn - black-necked swan in Aonikenk) 11. Olbeno - descendent of Mareca sibilatrix (Olbeno - Mareca sibilatrix in Aonikenk) 12. Chote - descendent of Anas flavirostris (Chote - Anas flavirostrisin in Aonikenk) 13. Kau - descendent of Chroicocephalus maculipennis (Kau - any gull in Aonikenk) 14. Chetjarre - descendent of Cyanoliseus patagonus (Chetjarre - Cyanoliseus patagonus in Aonikenk): we will make these parrots more omnivoruos (they will eat everything that could find on the shores of the lake and in wetlands across the lake). 15. Koien - descendent of rainbow trouts (Koien - any fish in Aonikenk). 16. Kooi - descendent of brown trouts (Kooi - any fish in Aonikenk). 17. Pitral or Kaponk - descendent of Phoenicopterus chilensis (Pitral - flamingo in Mapudungun; Kaponk - flamingo in Aonikenk).
JOrnitho: wovoka ïèøåò: I think it's possible! But what if will try to make sea Anaconda living in salt water of the Maracaibo Gulf? I like it! It could also live in the delta, hunting fishes and medium-sized mammals and birds. Who could be the ancestor?
ëÿãóøêà: wovoka Good idea, but: 15. Koien - descendent of rainbow trouts (Koien - any fish in Aonikenk). 16. Kooi - descendent of brown trouts (Kooi - any fish in Aonikenk). Are they living in Macairobo region? I wanted to settle them into rivers of American Cordillera.
wovoka: ëÿãóøêà ïèøåò: Are they living in Macairobo region? I wanted to settle them into rivers of American Cordillera. The last bestiary is not about Maracaibo, it is about this lake https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Carrera_Lake
ëÿãóøêà: wovoka Ok, I'll describe them if I have enough time.
JOrnitho: wovoka, what do you think of this description for the Yara: The yara is a medium-sized aquatic mammal. The males have 150 cm of length, while the females have 120 cm. Like seals, their paws are modified into flippers, with their hind flippers being bound to the pelvis in such a way that they cannot bring them under their bodies to walk on them. Their hind limbs are larger than their fore ones and are actively used to swim. In the water, yaras move with up and down movements, similar to that of cetaceans. Their fore flippers are used primarily for steering and to drag them when moving on land. There is still more details to be added, but it's what I thought so far. I wanted the yara to swim like a siren.
wovoka: JOrnitho ïèøåò: I wanted the yara to swim like a siren. I think it's impossible. The swimming style is determined by the nature of the diet, if the animal is predatory and eats fish, then it is one swimming style, if it eats benthic animals, the swimming style may differ slightly, and if it is herbivorous and grazes on algae thickets, then this is the third way of swimming. The other part of description is very good. ëÿãóøêà ïèøåò: Ok, I'll describe them if I have enough time. I think the descendents of these two fishes will be different in South American lake and in North American Cordilliera rivers. As I understand, JOrnitho wants to make lake fishes in SA, and you want to make a migratory fishes in NA.
JOrnitho: wovoka ïèøåò: The swimming style is determined by the nature of the diet, if the animal is predatory and eats fish, then it is one swimming style, if it eats benthic animals, the swimming style may differ slightly, and if it is herbivorous and grazes on algae thickets, then this is the third way of swimming. Would it swim like a seal, rather than like a cetacean? wovoka ïèøåò: I think the descendents of these two fishes will be different in South American lake and in North American Cordilliera rivers. As I understand, JOrnitho wants to make lake fishes in SA, and you want to make a migratory fishes in NA. With how the trouts were introduced in different regions in South America, it's possible to have several species evolving there.
ìåäâåäü: I just want to make it bigger. And make something like Azawakh (African hound) Are you sure that cursorial mustelids could evove in the presence of canids? I know we already have zibetonyx, but I think we should not add more such species.
wovoka: Ìåäâåäü. The speed of the foxes ( in Patagonia lycalopex griseus) is about 50-60 km/h I don't know about speed of Patagonian weasel but the speed of Neogale frenata 56 km/h and it can run hunting the prey for 3 hours tirelessly. So mustelids could compete with canids in speed and endurance. But i agree Patagonian weasel can be like a ferret, hunting rodents inside their underground dens, but when it is neccesary it can catch up very fust rodent running for him for a long time. But we can also evolve patagonian fox for another niche for example of omnivorous and twilight Chrysocyon brachyurus (but more massive), to open niche of medium running hunter for weasel.
wovoka: JOrnitho ïèøåò: Would it swim like a seal I think yes! JOrnitho ïèøåò: With how the trouts were introduced in different regions in South America, it's possible to have several species evolving there. May be you are right.
JOrnitho: wovoka, what if rather than a sungrebe, we have a diver living in Lake Maracaibo? It would be the descendant of birds that reached the tropical zone fleeing the cold of the last Ice Age.
JOrnitho: wovoka ïèøåò: But i agree Patagonian weasel can be like a ferret, hunting rodents inside their underground dens, but when it is neccesary it can catch up very fust rodent running for him for a long time. It makes me think that perhaps the Patagonian weasel could evolve into a wolverine-like (Gulo gulo) animal, which can also pursue its prey relentlessly and is capable of bringing down animals that are larger than itself. May be you are right. I think that all these species would have evolved indepently from each, since they were the result of different introductions. The Salmo trutta was also introduced in Brazil, living well in a place called Macaé river. Perhaps a descendant could also appear here.
ìåäâåäü: It makes me think that perhaps the Patagonian weasel could evolve into a wolverine-like (Gulo gulo) animal, which can also pursue its prey relentlessly and is capable of bringing down animals that are larger than itself. I think that would be better.
wovoka: JOrnitho ïèøåò: It makes me think that perhaps the Patagonian weasel could evolve into a wolverine-like (Gulo gulo) animal, which can also pursue its prey relentlessly and is capable of bringing down animals that are larger than itself. Ok, I agree, but "Wolverine cannot run too fast - its maximum speed is 20 km / h, but this shortcoming is compensated by the endurance of the beast. Moving at an awkward gallop, she can run 15 km or more without stopping." Then who will be hunting these animals?: 8. Pajar - mara like descendent of Galea musteloides (Pajar - mara in Aonikenk) 9. Liwri - rabbit like descendendent of Microcavia australis (Liwri - hare in Quechua): there will be three species of liwri: Mountain liwri - almost all Ands, Wetland liwri - swamps and shores of the lakes of Patagonia and La Plata Basin, Lowland liwri - Patagonia, Gran Chaco. I think wolverine-like Patagonian weasel couldn't catch up such cursorial rodents. May be the descendent of lycalopex griseus will hunt them? But how it will evolve? Are you agree to make it an analogue of omnivorous and maybe twilight Chrysocyon brachyurus (but just more massive) and with color of Cross fox? It will be fast enough to hunt these cursorial roddents, but also could eat other small and medium animals: mammals, birds (their eggs), reptilians, amphibians and even invertebrates and also fruits, berries, some edible plants, mushrooms. Lycalopex griseus already have such a diet. We can call it Guor or Guer - another names of fox in Mapudungun. But I forgot about culpeo (Lycalopex culpaeus), what will we do with it? It's bigger and stronger than Lycalopex griseus. JOrnitho, Ìåäâåäü, have you any ideas?
ìåäâåäü: I have a bit stupid idea. Could we make culpeo into an Epicyon-like form?
wovoka: ìåäâåäü ïèøåò: I have a bit stupid idea. Could we make culpeo into an Epicyon-like form? I don't think that it is stupid idea, I like it! But we need to determine its diet and share it ecologically with other predators of the region. Maybe he will be mainly a scavenger and will love to crack open the bones of large dead animals in order to eat marrow? Or you have another proposition?
JOrnitho: wovoka ïèøåò: Then who will be hunting these animals?: 8. Pajar - mara like descendent of Galea musteloides (Pajar - mara in Aonikenk) 9. Liwri - rabbit like descendendent of Microcavia australis (Liwri - hare in Quechua): there will be three species of liwri: Mountain liwri - almost all Ands, Wetland liwri - swamps and shores of the lakes of Patagonia and La Plata Basin, Lowland liwri - Patagonia, Gran Chaco. I think wolverine-like Patagonian weasel couldn't catch up such cursorial rodents. Isn't the uecubu present on this region? Perhaps it could be the predator of these animals and appear in a possible chapter about the region. Also, what do you think of my idea of a descendant of the Gavia immer living in Lake Maracaibo? It's ancestors would have reached the region fleeing the Ice Age. In this case, this bird would replace the sungrebe. ìåäâåäü ïèøåò: I have a bit stupid idea. Could we make culpeo into an Epicyon-like form? I also like this idea! Perhaps it could be fill the niche of a hyena in this habitat.
wovoka: JOrnitho ïèøåò: Isn't the uecubu present on this region? Yes it's present, but it is more specialized on deermaras and deers. And we also can include uecubu in chapter. But I want to have in chapter also descendent of lycalopex griseus. That's why I proposed: "To make it an analogue of omnivorous and maybe twilight Chrysocyon brachyurus (but just more massive) and with color of Cross fox? It will be fast enough to hunt these cursorial roddents, but also could eat other small and medium animals: mammals, birds (their eggs), reptilians, amphibians and even invertebrates and also fruits, berries, some edible plants, mushrooms" I think so we can share ecologically this new animal and uecubu. JOrnitho ïèøåò: Perhaps it could be fill the niche of a hyena in this habitat. We will call this animal Gualicho - it is evil spirit in mithology of Mapuche borrowed from mythology of Tehuelche. JOrnitho ïèøåò: Also, what do you think of my idea of a descendant of the Gavia immer living in Lake Maracaibo? It's ancestors would have reached the region fleeing the Ice Age. In this case, this bird would replace the sungrebe. As you wish! But why you decided to replace the sungrebe? Ok, we will call the descendent of Gavia immer - Wakola, what's mean loon in Muscogee language, language of Seminol indians that were living in Florida - the nearest place to the lake Maracaibo were gools were wintering.
ìåäâåäü: Maybe he will be mainly a scavenger and will love to crack open the bones of large dead animals in order to eat marrow? Or you have another proposition? A good idea! I will describe it when I will have more time.
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