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Plants (plus fungi, algae etc.) of various regions
JOrnitho: I have some different descriptions, this time they are about plants. Also, do you think that could be possible for an antilopine-like descendant of the goat or of the sheep to live in the Andean plateau? [more]Atlantic cherry (Eugenia atlantica) In South America, the genus Eugenia survived the Holocene and a new species appeared, the Atlantic cherry. This species is native to the forests of the Atlantic coast of South America. Being a common component of the Atlantic forests, they provide food to many species. is a large shrub or small tree with a conical form, growing slowly to 8 m high. When bruised, crushed or cut, the leaves and branches have a spicy resinous fragrance, which can cause respiratory discomfort in susceptible individuals. The leaves are without stipules, ovate, glossy and held in opposite pairs. New leaves are bronze in color, maturing to a deep glossy green, up to 4 cm long. During dry season the leaves turn red. Flowers have four pale pink petals and are borne on slender long stalks, with a conspicuous central cluster of white stamens ending in yellow anthers. Flowers develop into rounded fruits 3 cm long, starting out as green, then ranging through orange, scarlet and finally dark red as they ripen. Its seeds are dispersed mostly by fruit eating birds and bats. Montane jamelan (Neosygyzium montano) During the Holocene, the man introduced many species, animal and vegetal. The tree Sygyzium cumini was one of these introduced species. In the Neocene, this species give rise to the genus Neosygyzium with the type species being the montane jamelan. The word jamelan (jamelão) is a common name used to its ancestor in Brazil. The montane jamelan is native to the montane forests of the Atlantic Coast of South America. Their fruits are consumed by many species of these areas. Montane jamelan is a large tree, typically reaching 30 m of high and can live more than 100 years. Its leaves and twigs are glabrous and the bark is dark brown and fairly smooth, with little relief or texture. The leaves are lanceolate, 2 cm to 4 cm broad, 10 cm to 20 cm long, pointed, base cuneate with hardly any petiole, lively red when growing, but glossy green on attaining full size. The flowers are in small terminal clusters, white or greenish white, the long, numerous stamens giving them a diameter of 8 cm. The flowering period of this tree is in the end of the spring. Its fruits develop during the summer and resemble large berries, being 15 cm long; the fruit of the genus Neosyzygium are drupaceous. The fruit is oblong, ovoid. Unripe fruit looks green. As it matures, its color changes to pink, then to shining crimson red and finally to black color. Other species in this genus: Lowland jamelan (Neosygyzium esculentus) This species reach the same high of the montane jamelan, however is native to the lowland forests of the Atlantic coast of South America. Its fruits are also large, being 27 cm long and magenta colored. Aromatic guava (Psidium aromatica) In South America, the guavas (Psidium) survived the Holocene and a new species appeared, the red guava. This species is native to the tropical regions of South America. Across its occurrence areas, the fruits are used as food by many species. The aromatic guava is a large tree, being capable to reach 28 m of high. The tortuous trunk has a smooth shell that peels off thin plates. The leaves are coriaceous and glabrous, up to 10 cm in length. The flowers are axillary, solitary and white. The flowering period occurs during the start of spring. The fruits mature when the first rains of summer start to fall. The fruit consists of fleshy green colored berries which turn yellow when ripe. The surface is irregular, with 10 cm of diameter. Inside, there is a red pulp, containing dozens of small hard seeds. The four sepals of the flower are usually present at one end of the fruit. When the fruits are ripen, they exhale a strong sweet aroma which attract many animals to consume it, such as the puraheikai. [/more] As the Author stated, plants should be in a separate topic - Biolog, the moderator
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JOrnitho: Биолог пишет: Which details? The description of the fruit.
Биолог: JOrnitho Like this: The fruit are large (30-40 cm long) oblong multiple drupes with up to 30 stones in one fruit (up to 30 separate drupes merged together). The color orange to red, the stones are white. The flesh very juicy and sugary, with rich odor, attracting many animals that spread the seeds via eating the fruit.
JOrnitho: Биолог Ok. I'll add it in the description.
JOrnitho: I finished the description of the banquet tree: Banquet tree (Mangifera polyseminis) During the Holocene, not only animals were introduced by humans in other continents. The plants were among the organisms that were introduced in other parts of the world, both for agriculture and for the use in gardens. One of these species was the mango tree (Mangifera indica), originally an Indian species. In the Neocene, the trees that were introduced in South America gave rise to the banquet tree. This plant inhabits all the tropical biomes of the continent, being a common sight in both dense forests and woodlands. The banquet trees grow to 30–40 metres tall, with a crown radius of 10–15 m. The trees are long-lived, as some specimens still fruit after 300 years. In deep soil, the taproot descends to a depth of 6 m, with profuse, wide-spreading feeder roots and anchor roots penetrating deeply into the soil. The leaves are evergreen, alternate, simple, 25 centimetres long, and 12 cm broad; when the leaves are young they are orange-pink, rapidly changing to a dark, glossy red, then dark green as they mature. The flowers are produced in terminal panicles that are 40 cm long; each flower is small and white with five petals 10 millimetres long, with a mild, sweet fragrance. The fruit are large (30-40 cm long) oblong multiple drupes with up to 30 stones in one fruit (up to 30 separate drupes merged together). The color orange to red, the stones are white. The flesh is very juicy and sugary, with a rich odor, attracting many animals that spread the seeds via eating the fruit.
Биолог: JOrnitho Good!
Автор: Note this treelike plant: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliotropium_arboreum It may be rather perspective for colonization of the islands of Indian and Pacific oceans.
Биолог: Автор Oh, I also had an idea of a descendant of Alsomitra macrocarpa, which is definitely capable of colonizing islands with its gliding seeds. Wikipedia states its seeds have been found on the decks of ships at sea.
JOrnitho: Interestinf plants! Perhaps they could reach Nicobar and Easter Island?
Биолог: JOrnitho Yes, I may make the vine's descendant. Although Easter island is too remote.
JOrnitho: Finished the description of the coconut for Andaman and Nicobar. Maybe descendants of Alsomitra macrocarpa and Heliotropium arboreum could also appear on these iislands? Bengal coconut palm (Cocos bengalensis) While its original distribution wss in theCentral Indo-Pacific, the coconut tree (Cocos nucifera) was introduced in several regions during the Holocene. With the disappearance of the humans, these plants were capable of not only surviving in the Neocene, but also of giving rise to descendants. One of its descendants, the Bengala coconut palm, first originated in the islands of the Gulf of Bengal. However, it soon spread to Hindustan and the Western coast of Sunda Land. In these areas, it's a common sight on the beaches. The Bengal coconut palm is a large palm, growing up to 40 meters tall, with pinnate leaves 5 to 7 m long, and pinnae 80 centimeters long. Like their ancestors, old leaves break away cleanly, leaving the trunk smooth. These plants produce their first fruit in eight years, taking 19 years to reach peak production. The palm produces both the female and male flowers on the same inflorescence. The female flower is much larger than the male flower. Flowering occurs continuously. Like their ancestors, the fruit of the Bengal coconut palm is a drupe, not a true nut. Like other fruits, it has three layers: the exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp. The exocarp is the glossy outer skin, usually bright yellow in color when ripe. Both the exocarp and the mesocarp make up the "husk" of the coconut, while the endocarp makes up the hard coconut "shell". The endocarp is around 4 millimetres thick and has three distinctive germination pores on the distal end. Two of the pores are plugged, while one is functional. The interior of the endocarp is hollow and is lined with a thin brown seed coat around 0.4 mm thick. The endocarp is initially filled with a multinucleate liquid endosperm. As development continues, cellular layers of endosperm deposit along the walls of the endocarp up to 16 mm thick, starting at the distal end. They eventually form the edible solid endosperm which hardens over time. The small cylindrical embryo is embedded in the solid endosperm directly below the functional pore of the endosperm. During germination, the embryo pushes out of the functional pore and forms a haustorium inside the central cavity. The haustorium absorbs the solid endosperm to nourish the seedling. The fruit is elongated and spherical, reaching 50 cm.
медведь: Interesting plant!
лягушка: JOrnitho Good. I like this!
Биолог: JOrnitho Great one!
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